Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
and Tolerancing
GD&T
What is GD & T?
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing is an international
language used on drawings to accurately describe a part.
The language consists of a well-defined set of symbols,
rules, definitions, and conventions that can be used to
describe the size, form, orientation, and location tolerances
of part features.
Parallelism - is the
condition of a
surface, line, or axis,
which is equidistant
at all points from a
datum plane or axis.
Material Conditions (contd.)
Perpendicularity - is the
condition of a surface,
axis, or line, which is 90
deg. From a datum plane
or a datum axis.
Material Conditions (contd.)
Angularity - is the
condition of a surface,
axis, or center plane,
which is at a specified
angle from a datum plane
or axis.
Material Conditions (contd.)
Concentricity -
describes a
condition in
which two or
more features,
in any
combination,
have a common
axis
Material Conditions (contd.)
Straightness - a condition where an element of a surface or an
axis is a straight line. 2D
PositionTolerance (True Position)- defines a zone within which the axis or center plane
of a feature is permitted to vary from true (theoretically exact) position.
Runout - is the composite deviation from the desired form of a part surface of revolution
through on full rotation (360 deg) of the part on a datum axis.
DatumTarget - is a specified point, line, or area on a part that is used to establish the
Datum Reference Plane for manufacturing and inspection operations.
When the MMC symbol appears after a geometric tolerance number, it means that the
given tolerance only applies when the feature is made at its MMC. So if a hole is given
a size of 12.0 12.1, and also a position tolerance of .02, it means that the position
of .02 is to be held if the hole is made to a size of 12.0 (its MMC)!
But suppose that we make a hole of 12.05. This is not the MMC size, but it is still within
legal range. So here's where it gets interesting -- a hole of 12.05 has deviated from
MMC by .05 inch. So we can adjust the position tolerance by .05 also! The print said
position of .02, but our part really gets a position tolerance of .07! This trend
continues until the hole reaches its LMC (12.1); at that size the position tolerance
would be .12. This is the original .02 plus a "bonus" of .10, which comes from the
deviation in hole size.
Essentially, it boils down to this: a smaller hole has to be positioned pretty accurately,
but as the hole gets larger, its center may deviate more from the true position.
Revising a Drawing with GD&T
Revising a Drawing with GD&T
(contd.)