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Management
Management
According to Terry
Management is a distinct process consisting of planning,
organising, actuating, controlling, performance to determine
and accomplish the objective by the use of people and
resources.
According to Koontz and ODonnel
Management is a art of getting things through and with
people in formally organized group.
According to Drucker
It is economic organ of industrial society. It means taking
action to make the desired result.
Project Management
Project management is the discipline of
initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and
closing the work of a team to achieve specific
goals and meet specific success criteria.
Project management is the art and science of
converting the client vision in to reality
working efficiently ,effectively and safely.
Cont...
Liaison role
Maintain contacts outside the organisation
Monitoring
Focus is on planned baseline for performing task, implementing time,
cost quality
Disseminator
Transmits the relevant information received from external source
Spokesperson
Act as a representative of client for communication with external
parties.
Entrepreneur
Identifies opportunities to promote interests of project.
Disturbance handling
Must maintain organizational harmony by resolving
conflicts.
Resources allocation
He allocate the project resources and making changes in
allocation which are necessary.
Negotiator
He must negotiate important conflict issues and business
related matter with out side agencies.
TQM (Total Quality Management)
It is application of scientific principles and skill
to improve the product and service supplies to
an organization.
TQM is an approach for improving the
effectiveness and flexibility of a business.
TQM means quest for excellence, creating the
right attitudes and controls to make
prevention of defects possible and optimize
customer satisfaction by increased efficiency
and effectiveness.
Total Quality Management
The way of managing organization to achieve
excellence
Total everything
Quality degree of excellence
Management art, act or way of organizing,
controlling, planning, directing to achieve
certain goals
Quality
Continuous Improvement
Quality in Everything We Do
Harvard professor David Garvin, in his book
Managing Quality summarized five principal
approaches to define quality.
Process improvement
Defect prevention
Priority of effort
Developing cause-effect relationships
Measuring system capacity
Developing improvement checklist and check forms
Helping teams make better decisions
Developing operational definitions
Separating trivial from significant needs
Observing behaviour changes over a period of time
Another way to put it
At its simplest, TQM is all managers leading
and facilitating all contributors in everyones
two main objectives:
(1) total client satisfaction through quality
products and services; and
(2) continuous improvements to processes,
systems, people, suppliers, partners, products,
and services.
Total Quality Management
Basic Tenets of TQM
1. The customer makes the ultimate determination
of quality.
2. Top management must provide leadership and
support for all quality initiatives.
3. Preventing variability is the key to producing
high quality.
4. Quality goals are a moving target, thereby
requiring a commitment toward continuous
improvement.
5. Improving quality requires the establishment of
effective metrics. We must speak with data and
facts not just opinions.
Total Quality Management
The TQM System
Objective Continuous
Improvement
Leadership
Elements Education and Training Supportive structure
Communications Reward and recognition
Measurement
Customer-Supplier Partnerships
51
Four aspects examine identification stage
1. functional aspect
2. location and site
3. construction aspect
4. operational aspect
Selection of project involves the following
aspect:
Project idea should be consistent with
government policies, conformity with
environmental regulation and licensing
requirement.
The idea should be compatible with objective and
Resources of the entrepreneur promoting project.
The proposed project must be enable to
realise acceptable returns on investment.
the input required for such as capital
requirement, availability of raw material ,
power supply etc.
Project Preparation
It is important phase and decided whether the
project should be executed or not.
This is pre investment exercise to determine
whether to invest, where to invest when to
invest and how to invest.
Project Preparation consists of all the work
necessary to ensure that a proposed project is
feasible and appropriate and that it can be
successfully implemented.
The process ensures the identification and
elimination of key risks at the earliest possible
time and maximises development opportunities
by ensuring that projects are well conceptualised.
Systematic and effective Project Preparation is
important for these reasons
Project risks are managed and controlled.
Scarce implementation resources (e.g. capital funding) are
optimally utilized and are only allocated to viable projects.
Projects are well conceptualized and planned.
Development is appropriately tailored to local needs and is
integrated in nature.
Projects are supported by the key stakeholders (including
the community, municipality, funders and implementation
partners).
Government and other funders can predict and therefore
manage their cash flows by enhancing the predictability of
project outcomes and timeframes for implementation.
Project Preparation carried out in two
stages
1. Preliminary project study (Preliminary project
study )
if result are clearly unfavourable further work
should be stopped.
- if result are found to be favourable further
works are carried out.
To know weather report is favourable
following factor consider
Demand
Preliminary technical feasibility
Alternative location
Benefits
Method of implementation
2. feasibility study
Purpose is to examine
Project need
Analysis of existing condition
Demand and supply analysis
Technical Analysis
Social impact consideration
Financial Aspect
Economical aspect
Implementation aspect
Project appraisal
It provide compressive review of all aspect of
project.
Project approval
In this stage of project cycle discussion takes
place in between the project authorities and
financial Institution or govt.dept to ensure
success of project.
Appraised report needs clearance from
concerned agencies and departments
depending upon the type of project.
CEA (Central Electricity Authority)
CWC (Central Water Commission )
NHA ( National Highway Authority)
NAAI (National Airport Authority India)
MOEP ( Ministry of Environmental and forest )
After getting clearances all major projects in
public sector needs approval of committee of
secretaries known as a Public Investment
Board (PIB)
The committee is headed by Secretary of
Expenditure, Secretary of Planning
Commission , Secretary of Administrative
Ministry which Sponsors the proposal,
Secretary of Ministry of Industries.
The main aspect of project approval related to
plan and other assumption made by project
authority regarding
Location
Gastation period
Life of project
Choice of technology and technical feasibility,
capital cost
Project planning