Generalities of PS CSSR

Radio Operations and Maintenance Department

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
PLAN

I-INTRODUCTION II- FACTORS AND ANALYSIS

Scope Factors that can affect PS CSSR

Definition Analyze and Solution

Two sets of RRC state transitions Radio parameters

for a PS service connection
Solution for major case of congestion
Flow signaling and computations
points of PS CSSR
Solution for major case of error

Formulas Case Study

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Part1

INTRODUCTION

Scope

An understanding of the various signaling flows together with the information

contained in different messages and counters is an essential element in the
optimization engineers

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION Definition
Logical Architecture Protocol stack user plane Ps
Logical Architecture Protocol stack control plane Ps
PS CSSR as know as Packet Switched Call Setup Success Rate

On that zone is where we

found the process of PS

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION Formulas

___ ___+___
PS CSSR= ( )
___ (___+___)

Example for how to calculate:

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION ACCESSIBILITY (counters)
___ ___+___
PS CSSR= 100 ( )
___ (___+___)

Conversational: CS (voice) & PS (voice over IP(whatsap, vibercall or video))

Streaming(watch film eg YouTube)
Interactive(jeux whatsap, IMO, viber..msg test)
Background(mail, HTTP,FTP)

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION Flow signaling and computations points of PS CSSR

N300 eg 3

T300 eg1000ms

PS
CSSR

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Description of call flow during PS idle
The PS Session Setup procedure is performed to set up a PS session
RRC connection setup procedure is performed for the UE to set up a signaling connection to the SRNC. RRC connection setup is always initiated
by the UE.Conditions:
Triggering One UE has Thea UE
maximum of one
send Activate RRC
PDP connection
context at a time.
request message to RNC. PDP Context Activation is performed when the UE initiates a packet call setup.
The UE has the state Packet Mobility Management Connected that enables the user to transmit and receive data while moving within a PLMN. and starts the PDP
Triggering
context Conditions
activation : The
procedure usedUE inup
to set idle
andmode initiates
remove a virtualthe RRC
data connection
channel between asetup procedure
terminal connected when theand
to a UE NAS of the PDP
a GGSN. UE requests the with
contexts deal establishment
allocation ofof
a signaling
IP addresses toconnection
the UE and When
Qualitythe SRNC QoS,
of Service, receives an RRCA CONNECTION
parameters. REQUEST
Radio Access bearer establishes message
on requestfrom
of thethe UE,inthe
SGSN Radio
order Resource
to realize the air Management
interface
The Radio
connection. Bearer
At the Setup
endthe
the procedure
UE has shown
an IP address is described
NSAPI (Network as follows:
(RRM) module of RNC determines whether to accept layer Service
or reject theAccess Point Identifier)
RRC connection and a TLLI
request, based(Temporary Logical
on a specific Link Identity)
algorithm. associated
If accepting theto
1.The CN sends an RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message to the SRNC to initiate the RAB setup procedure.
IMSI.
request, the RRM module further determines whether to set up the RRC connection on a Dedicated Channel (DCH)or on a Common Channel
2.(Optional; applicable to the ATM-based Iu-CS interface only) The SRNC maps the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for the RAB to the
(CCH),based on a specific RRM algorithm. Typically, an RRC connection is set up on the DCH.
IPAAL2 linkcan
addresses characteristic parametersorand
be allocated dynamically radio resource
statistically. characteristic
If allocated dynamically,parameters. Based
this significantly on the
reduces theAAL2 link characteristic
total number of IP addressesparameters, the
required per PLMN.
Support
ALCAP of static
on theIP Iu
address allocation
interface enables
initiates an subscribers
Iu user plane to provide theirbearer
transport own IPsetup
addresses. This can be useful when accessing secure networks that use the calling IP
procedure.
The procedure
address shown is described
The as follows:
3.TheasSRNC
a formsends
of security check. LINK
a RADIO support of QoS enables the operator
RECONFIGURATION to differentiate
PREPARE messageGPRSto theservices.
NodeB, requesting the NodeB to prepare for adding one
1.The UE sends an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message to the SRNC through the uplink CCCH(RACH), requesting the establishment of an
or more DCHs to the existing radio links for carrying the RAB.
RRC dynamic
When connection.addressing from the home PLMN or the Visitor PLMN is used, it is the responsibility of the GGSN to allocate and release the dynamic PDP address.
The4.The NodeBshown allocates the associated resources and then sends a RADIO LINKRECONFIGURATION READY message to the SRNC.
2.Based on the causeisin
procedure described
the RRCasconnection
follows: request and the system resource status, the SRNC determines to set up the RRC connection on a
5.(Optional;
1.DCH
The UE required for the by ATM-based Iub interface only) The Iub ALCAP at theAfter
SRNC initiates an Iub usertheplane transport bearer setup
andinitiates
allocatesthe the
PS Session
Radio Network using the Service
Temporary Request (Service Type=Data)
Identity(RNTI),radio message.
resources, and L1 theand
RR setup completion
L2 resources. ThenUE theasks for initial
SRNC sendsdirect transfer to
a RADIO
theprocedure.
serving node.TheTheNodeB and theanSRNC
RNC sets-up SCCP perform
connectionsynchronization
with the SGSN and bytransfers
exchanging uplink
the initial andrequest
service downlink synchronization
(Authentication framesmay
and ciphering in performed
the DCH depends
frame
LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to allocate the specific radio link resources required for an RRC
onprotocol.
operator's setting)
connection.
2.The UESRNC
sends an Activate PDP Context Request (NSAPI, TI(Teardown
6.The sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP message to theIndication),
UE. PDP Type, Address, APN (Access Point Name), QoS (Quality of Service)
3.The NodeB
Requested, responds withOptions)
a RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE message to the SRNC after successfully preparing
the use ofthe resources.
7.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT message totothe
PDP Configuration message to the SGSN The UE shall use PDP Address indicate
NodeB.whether it requires a static PDP address or whether
it4.The SRNC
requires the use uses
of athe ALCAP
dynamic PDPprotocol
address. to set up the Iub user plane transport bearer and performs the synchronization between the SRNC and the
8.After performing the radio bearer setup, the UE sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE message to the SRNC.
3.NodeB.
The SGSNThissends
procedure is optional.Request
a RAB Assignment It is required
messagefor theRNC
to the ATM-based Iuba RABs
to establish interface only.
9.The
4.The RNCSRNC sendsthe
establishes an appropriate
RAB ASSIGNMENTradio bearer InRESPONSE
WCDMA, RABmessage
setup istodone
thebyCN.theThe
RAB RAB is set up.
Assignment procedure
5.The SRNC sends an RRC CONNECTION SETUP message to the UE through the downlink CCCH (FACH). The message contains the
TheRNC
5.The procedure
returns awhen
RAB RAB Setup
Assignment Failuremessage
Response showntoisthe described
SGSN as follows:
information about the DCH allocated by the SRNC. 8initiateAPN
6.1.The CN sends anthe
RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message to the SRNC PDP to the (Access
RAB setup Pointprocedure.
6.The
UESGSN validates
and NodeB active
initiate L1 PDP Context Request
Synchronization. using PDP
NodeB Type (optional),
sends NBAP: Synchonization Address,
Indicator message Name (optional) provided by the UE and the PDP
to SRNC when the uplink enter "In-Sync"
2.Thesubscription
context SRNC sends an RAB
records. ASSIGNMENT
The SGSN sends a Create RESPONSE
PDP Contextmessage to the CN.
Request message The
to the message
affected GGSN.indicates
Accessthe IDName
Point of the RAB
shall thatAPN
be the failsNetwork
to be set up
Identifier
state
of the APN. The GGSN may use Access Point Name to find an external network and optionally to activate a service for this APN
and the reason for the failure.
7.7.The
TheGGSN
UE sendscreatesana RRC CONNECTION
new entry in its PDP contextSETUP COMPLETE
table and message Id.
generates a Charging to The
the SRNC
new entrythrough
allows the uplinktoDedicated
the GGSN route PDP Control Channel
PDUs (Policy (DCCH)
Decision Point
that is just
Protocol Dataset up. The
Units) message
between the SGSNindicates
and thethat the RRC
external connection
PDP network, setup
and to start procedure
charging ends.
If theSGSN
8.The RNCinserts
judgesthethat the RRC
Network layerconnection
Service Accessrequest
Pointcannot be NSAPI
Identifier, set up along
(for instance, due toaddress
with the GGSN insufficient resources),
in its PDP it directly
context and sends
informs the UE viaan RRC
RNC that the
PDP Context is Accepted.
CONNECTION REJECT The message
SGSN selectsto theRadio
UE,Priority and Packetthe
and indicates flow Id based
reject on QoS
reason in theNegotiated,
messageand returns an Activate PDP Context Accept message to the
UE. The SGSN is now able to route PDP PDUs between the GGSN and the UE and to start charging

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION Flow signaling and computations points of PS CSSR
Transition from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH

If feature HSPA Layering for UEs in Common Channels is activated(HSDPALayeringCommonChEnabled), Ues are
transferred to correct layer based on their HSDPA and HSUPA capability during a state transition from Cell_FACH to
Cell_DCH state.
When the UE is either in Cell_FACH or Cell_PCH state, RNC has the information of UE HSDPA and HSUPA
capability.
For more information about the feature HSPA Layering for UEs in Common Channels, see Handover Control

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Description of call flow during Transition from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
At the start of RAB establishment the UE has been configured with a set of SRB multiplexed onto a single
DCH transport channel. The core network initiates RAB establishment by forwarding a RANAP RAB Assignment Request
message to the RNC. The RNC proceeds to reconfigure the Node B using a synchronized reconfiguration procedure. This
starts by preparing the Node B in terms of specifying the new configuration. The RNC completes the procedure by using
the NBAP Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit message to specify the activation Connection Frame Number (CFN) during
which the new configuration is to be applied. The RNC has to calculate this CFN taking into account that the UE must be
ready to apply the new configuration at the same time as the Node B. The UE has not yet been informed of the new
configuration and so the CFN must allow sufficient time for the Radio Bearer Setup message to be transferred to the UE. In
general, some margin is included when calculating the activation CFN to allow for one or more RLC re-transmissions
which may or may not be necessary.
Once the activation CFN has been reached both the Node B and UE apply the new configuration simultaneously. If the
RNC specifies an activation CFN which passes after only a short delay there is a danger that the UE does not receive the
Radio Bearer Setup message before the Node B applies the new configuration. This would result in a connection
establishment failure. If the activation CFN is specified to pass after a long delay the UE is more likely to receive the Radio
Bearer Setup message prior to the Node B applying the new configuration but the connection setup delay is increased.
Establishing a connection in CELL_FACH removes the requirement for the synchronized reconfiguration
procedure because both the SRB and user plane transport channels are established simultaneously when the UE is instructed
to move into CELL_DCH. The signaling associated with CS RAB establishment in CELL_FACH (PS RAB may be
established completely in CELL_FACH without the transition to CELL_DCH).
At the start of RAB establishment the UE has been configured with a set of SRB multiplexed onto a single
FACH transport channel. The core network initiates RAB establishment by forwarding a RANAP RAB Assignment
Request message to the RNC. In this case, the UE does not have any dedicated resources to reconfigure. The RNC requests
a new radio link at the Node B which is capable of supporting both the SRB and user plane connections. The Node B starts
transmitting the new radio link as soon as it has received the request. The UE is then informed of the new radio link and is
instructed to enter CELL_DCH.

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION
Transition from CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Description of call flow during Transition from CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH

A UE may be moved into CELL_FACH from CELL_DCH if it has a PS connection which is experiencing a period of
inactivity. This could be inactivity at the end of a file transfer or after downloading an email or internet page. Inactive
PS connections are not maintained in CELL_DCH for long periods of time due to the relatively high resource
requirement. An example section from a Radio Bearer Reconfiguration message used to move a UE from CELL_DCH
to CELL_FACH

UE in CELL_FACH do not have access to any dedicated physical channels nor any dedicated
transport channels. They do however have access dedicated logical channels. Uplink data is always transferred using a
PRACH physical channel and a RACH transport channel. The logical channel for user plane data is always a DTCH
whereas the logical channel for control plane signaling can be either a DCCH or a CCCH. The choice between DCCH
and CCCH depends upon the RRC message, e.g. Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete messages are sent on the
DCCH whereas Cell Update messages are sent on the CCCH

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION Two sets of RRC state transitions for a PS service connection

Event 4A
Inactivity time detect

Cell DCH
SignallingLinkInactivityTimer
-TrafVolThresholdDLLow: 128B
- NASsignVolThrDL:1KB
Cell FACH

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
INTRODUCTION
Illustration on RAN KPI

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Factors, Analyze and Solution PART II
Factors that can affect PS CSSR

Through PS CSSR formula we know that KPI is combination about RRC& RAB.
Both RRC or RAB if fail can affect to PS CCSR, about some causes can affect RRC or RAB we are going to check some
counters show us clearly all information according to user complaints and network optimization experience,

2 Causes affect AC fails and BTS fail : hardware fault or CE congestion

To decide if is AC (CE) you need to apply that formula:
(AC fails+BTS fails)-Fails,AC UL NRT- Fails,AC DL NRT- Fails,AC code NRT

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Generalities of PS CSSR

2 kinds of capacity:
-Wcell: (RTWP, DL power, code)
-NodeB: CE, IUB

Optimize coverage for increase

CPICH you nee to be sure if you
have enough capacity. E.g if NodeB
power=20 and CPICH=10% of
NodeB . After you decide to increase
CIPCH power without increase total
power. 20-4=16W other service
In here you crease congestion for
other service

Check coverage of cell:

Poor: Up tilt ,azimuth, up CPICH
power, up high antenna, use
repeater, MHA, built other site
Overshooting or overlap: pilot
pollution
(Down tilt, reduce CPICH power)

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Factors, Analyze and Solution RADIO parameter

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 Generalities of PS CSSR

Pilot Channel Power Setting

The common pilot channel (CPICH) is used by the UE population for

->synchronization and channel estimation purposes
->handover and cell reselection decisions
The received quality of the CPICH is quantified by its Ec/Io and Received Signal Code Power (RSCP)
->Ec is the energy per chip, Io is the noise spectral density
->RSCP is the CPICH power measured in the channel bandwidth
->Ec/Io provides a relative measure, RSCP provides an absolute measure
The CPICH Ec/Io and RSCP performance must be sufficiently high across the entire coverage area of the network
The CPICH consumes Node B transmit power which reduces downlink capacity
CPICH power must be minimized to increase downlink capacity while maintaining pilot coverage
By default the CPICH consumes 2 W of the Node B power (20 W PA)
->For 40 W PA default is 4 W (10 %)
CPICH power is used to derive the power requirements of the other Common Control Physical Channels (CCPCH)
The CPICH should be tuned on a per carrier per area basis as part of wide area
parameter tuning following the radio network planning activity

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Factors, Analyze and Solution RADIO parameter
HSPA72UsersPerCell (Enalbed):This parameter determines whether or not the "HSPA 72 users per cell" feature is enabled in the cell. If this
feature is enabled, maximum 72 HSDPA and 72 HSUPA users can be supported per cell. If this feature is not enabled, the RNC allows only 16,
48, or 64 HSDPA users per cell.
The cell specific parameter MaxNumberEDCHCell limits the maximum number of HSUPA users in the cell. When the HSPA72UsersPerCell
value is "Enabled", the minimum value of MaxNumberEDCHCell and 72 should be considered as the maximum number of HSUPA users that can
be supported per cell.
MaxNumberEDCHCell: This parameter determines the maximum number of E-DCH allocations in the cell. If the aforesaid license is not active,
the maximum possible value is 20. Thus, the maximum number of E-DCH allocations in the cell can momentarily be lower than what is defined
with this parameter.
HSUPAEnabled:This parameter enables/disables the use of HSUPA in the cell. When the value of the parameter is 1 (HSUPA functions are
enabled for the cell), the system checks that the maximum number of HSUPA-capable BTSs and cells is not exceeded.
CellWeightForHSDPALayering: This parameter is used to give weight to the cell in making the HSDPA layering decision. A bigger value in the
same sector in a different layer than in another cell potentially brings more HSDPA users to this cell than in the other cell. This parameter is used
in the RRC Connection Request and state transition from Cell_FACH to Cell_DCH phases when making a decision in which layer the HSDPA
capable UE is directed to.

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Factors, Analyze and Solution Solution for major case of congestion
CASE of RTWP
Firstly Balancing user: -by sharing by coverage(check coverage of cell)
-by sharing CO-sector
Second: -tuning parameter related to channel power UL
-tuning parameter related to PS and AC (UL)
-tuning parameter related to RR(MaxTotalUplinkSymbolRate)
Third : upgrade carrier(add more frequency if have) else put co-site or use antenna twin beams

If MS had RTWP=-81.91
Parameter config on WCELL which can allow that
Noise=-105dbm and prxtarget=15
-81.91dbm>-90dbm RNC cant read message of UE but when we change 28 we -81.91RTWP of UE<-77dbm power configure.
In that e.g. RNC can read or not read message sent by UE

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 Generalities of PS CSSR

CASE of DL power congestion Solution for major case of congestion

Firstly Balancing user: -by sharing by coverage(check coverage of cell)

-by sharing CO-sector
Second: -tuning parameter related to channel power DL (decrease channel power of CS CSSR)
-tuning parameter related to PS and AC (DL)
Third : upgrade carrier(add more frequency if have) else put co-site or use antenna twin beams

CASE of code
Firstly Balancing user: -by sharing by coverage(check coverage of cell)
-by sharing CO-sector
Second: -tuning parameter related for code e.g HSPDSCHMarginSF128 (8-4)
CodeTreeOptTimer(3600-60)
CodeTreeUsage (40)
-tuning parameter related to PS and AC (DL)
Third : upgrade carrier(add more frequency if have) else put co-site or use antenna twin beams

CASE of CE

Firstly Balancing user: -by sharing by coverage(check coverage of cell)

-by sharing CO-sector
Second: -tuning parameter related for RR( e.g. hspaSetting: normal HSPA-small(1LCG)
-tuning parameter related to PS and AC (UL)
Third : add more card(FBBA)

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Factors, Analyze and Solution Solution for major case of error

CASE of Transmission fail

Usually transmission fail due the packet, link blinking,. About congestion IUB for some market
use microwave.
Cooperate with transmission dept. to fix the problem when happen packet lost

PKL= lostTwampMessages/txTwampMessages

CASE of RNC fail

Check if card is overload, or RNC have problem. On that case cooperate with dept. in charge.

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 Generalities of PS CSSR
Factors, Analyze and Solution
Case of Burundi market

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 Generalities of PS CSSR

Solution: both cells we need to put co-site for share load (help to decrease PS fail FPD, User, TU power) because even
TU power , USER are very high.

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Generalities of PS CSSR

END

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