GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

Unit 1
 UNIT I HUMAN VALUES
Morals, values and Ethics Integrity Work
ethic Service learning Civic virtue
Respect for others Living peacefully Caring
Sharing Honesty Courage Valuing time
Cooperation Commitment Empathy
Self confidence Character Spirituality
Introduction to Yoga and meditation for
professional excellence and stress
management.
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 Ethics Defined
Moral codes are the rules that establish the
boundaries of generally accepted behavior.
Morality refers to social conventions about
right and wrong human conduct.
Ethics are beliefs regarding right and wrong
behavior.
Virtues are habits that incline us to do what is
acceptable.
Vices are habits that incline us to do what is
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unacceptable. 8/18/17
 The Importance of Integrity

Integrity is used to refer to people who act

in ways that are consistent with their own
code of principles.

You often reflect on your principles when

you consider what you ought to do in
different situations.
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 Ethics in the Business World

Globalization of organizations has created a

complex business world.
Risk is the likelihood of a negative event times
the impact of the event.

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 Why Business Ethics are Important
Protect the organization and its employees

from legal action.

Create an organization that operates

consistently.
Produce good business.

Avoid unfavorable publicity. 8/18/17

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 Code of Conduct
A guide that highlights an organizations key
ethical issues and identifies the overarching
values and principles that are important to the
organization and that can help in decision
making.
The code of conduct helps ensure that
employees:
Abide by the law.
Follow necessary regulations.
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Behave in an ethical manner. 8/18/17
 Ethical Decision Making

1. Get the facts.

2. Identify the stakeholders and their positions.
3. Consider the consequences of your decision.
4. Weigh various guidelines and principles (Virtue,
Utilitarian, Fairness, Common Good).
5. Develop and evaluate options.
6. Review your decision.
7. Evaluate the results of your decision.
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 Four Common Approaches Used in
Ethical Decision-Making
Approach to Principle
Dealing with
Moral Issues
Virtue Approach The ethical choice is the one that best
reflects moral virtues in ourselves and
Utilitarian our
The community.
ethical choice is the one that
Approach produces the greatest excess of
Fairness Approach benefits over
The ethical harm.is the one that
choice
treats everyone the same and does
Common Good not
The show favoritism
ethical choice isor discrimination.
the one that
Approach advances the common good.
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 Ethics in Information Technology
The increased use of information technology has
raised many ethical issues for todays IT
professional.
Licensing of IT professionals

Internet communication

Intellectual property

Employee/employer issues
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 Work ethic is a set of values based on hard work and
Work
diligence. It is also a belief ethic
in the moral benefit of work
and its ability to enhance character. A work ethic may
include being reliable, having initiative, or pursuing new
skills.
Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be
selected for better positions, more responsibility and
ultimately promotion.
Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be
regarded as failing to provide fair value for the wage the
employer is paying them and should not be promoted or
placed in positions of greater responsibility.
Work ethic is not just hard work but also a set of
11 accompanying virtues, whose crucial role in the 8/18/17
 What Is Service-Learning?
Service-Learning is a teaching and learning strategy that
integrates meaningful community service with instruction
and reflection to enrich the learning experience, teach
civic responsibility, and strengthen communities.

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 Differentiating Service-Learning from
Other Forms of Education
Experiential Learning: The knowledge and skills
acquired through life, work experience and study
which have not been formally attested through
any educational or professional certification.
Internship: A work-related learning experience
for individuals who wish to develop hands on
work experience in a certain occupational field
Practicum: A college course that is designed to
give students supervised practical application of
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 Civic virtue
Civic virtue is the moral underpinning of how a citizen
behaves and is involved in society. It is a standard of righteous
behavior in relation to a citizens involvement in society.
A individual may exhibit civic virtue by voting, volunteering
and organizing other community activities.
Without an understanding of civic virtue, citizens are less
likely to look beyond their families, friends and economic
interests.
They are less likely to help others in the community, to
volunteer their time, to give to nonprofit organizations or to
participate in group activity that benefits society.
Related ideas for civic virtue are citizenship, philanthropy,
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public good, voluntarism and social capital. 8/18/17
 Respect for others
Respect is a feeling of admiration or deference
toward a person, group, ideal, or indeed almost any
entity or concept, as well as specific actions and
conduct representative of that esteem.
Whether between spouses, friends, coworkers, or
business acquaintances, if there is a history of
mutual respect and sincere gratitude, the people
involved are generally happier and more successful.
We live in a world where there are many differences
between people, but with an open mind and an
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appreciation of each persons contributions to this
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 How to Show Respect
Listen it sounds easy, but listeningtruly listeningcan
be one of the hardest skills to master. If you want a
person to know you respect him or her, then tune into
what that person is saying. Look them in the eye and
offer feedback when necessary. Everyone appreciates
the person who willing listens to them and shows
genuine interest in what they have to say.
Encourage If youve ever had a bad day, then you
know the power a little encouragement can have.
Weve all had moments when we need someone to tell
us, dont worry, things will work out. It might not
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seem like much at the time, but that person will
 How to Show Respect
Congratulate If someone does a great job, let them know about it. In fact, let
everyone know about it. Openly congratulate someone for a job well done,
especially if youre a manager. Employees will work harder and happier knowing
their manager has a mutual respect for them and is willing to express praise and
gratitude when its deserved.
Be Helpful If you find a friend or coworker in a jam, be willing to help them if at
possible. Not to say you should take on half their project, but offering some advice
or throwing in a bit of your time will mean a lot. If that friend or coworker has
helped you in the past, then returning the favor will be a nice way to show both
your respect and gratitude.
Say Thank You Im sure this one seems like common sense, but many people just
forget to say thank you or at least forget how to say it with sincerity. A thank you
can be as small as two words or as much as buying someone a gift; nevertheless,
if the action is not done with 100% sincerity then it is wasted. Make sure people
know you appreciate them and their actions. Simply saying it in front of someone
else can make a big impact.
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 Living Peaceful
Our principle of Peaceful living centers on the ethical and
sustainable application of technologies which would aim to provide
basic needs for everyone without compromising the planets
resources. Here are the steps which can help you to discover your
journey towards living in peace.
Seek to love, not control others. ...
Find Your Inner Peace. ...
Moderate your convictions. ...
Be tolerant. ...
Be Peace. ...
Reflection of thought. ...
Seek forgiveness, not revenge. ...
Live in joy.
Be the change you wish to see in the World.
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 Caring
Being caring allows you to have empathy for others and to live a
life based on affection, love, and compassion for the people
around you. Being caring means providing a listening ear,
noticing when someone needs help, and helping your community
without asking for a reward. If you want to know how to be more
caring today, see Steps to get started.
Be polite: You don't have to be overly formal to be polite. You
just have to be considerate of other people and make them
feel comfortable in your presence.
Be affectionate: Actions really can speak louder than words
sometimes. Though telling a person you care can make a big
difference, sometimes giving that person a hug or putting
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Listen to people: When someone is talking to you, make eye
 Caring Steps to get started
Be more generous: Being generous, whether it's with your time or

your money, can go a long way in being a more caring person.

Treat others like you want to be treated: If you want to be more

caring, then you have to be kind and thoughtful toward others, and
think of how you would feel if you were in their shoes.
Be considerate of others: Being considerate is another major aspect

of being caring. If you want to be considerate, then you have to respect

the people around you, and to avoid making a nuisance of yourself.

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 Sharing
Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space. In its narrow sense, it
refers to joint or alternating use of inherently finite goods, such as a
common pasture or a shared residence. It is also the process of
dividing and distributing.
Apart from obvious instances, which we can observe in human
activity, we can also find many examples of this happening in nature.
When an organism takes in nutrition or oxygen for instance, its
internal organs are designed to divide and distribute the energy
taken in, to supply parts of its body that need it. Flowers divide and
distribute their seeds.
In a broader sense, it can also include free granting of use rights to
goods that can be treated as non rival goods, such as information

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 Honesty
Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and connotes
positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness,
straightforwardness, including straightforwardness of conduct,
along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc.
Furthermore, honesty means being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and
sincere.
Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures .
"Honesty is the best policy" is a proverb of Benjamin Franklin;
"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom" proverb of
Thomas Jefferson.

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 Courage
Courage (also called bravery, bravado or valour)
is the choice and willingness to confront agony,
pain, danger, uncertainty or intimidation. Physical
courage is courage in the face of physical pain,
hardship, death or threat of death, while moral
courage is the ability to act rightly in the face of
popular opposition, shame, scandal,
discouragement, or personal loss.
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 Valuing Time
A first step in good time management is to understand the value of
your time.
If you are employed by someone else, you need to understand how
much your employer is paying for your time, and how much profit he
or she expects to make from you.
If you are working for yourself, youLshould have an idea of how much
income you want to bring in after tax. By working these figures back to
an hourly rate, this gives you an idea of the value of your time.
By knowing the value of your time, you should be able to tell what
tasks are worthwhile to perform, and which tasks give a poor return.
This helps you cut away the low value jobs, or argue for help with
them.

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 Cooperation
Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for
common or mutual benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit.
Many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own
species and with members of other species

Commitment
Commitment is willingness to give your time and energy to something
that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something.

Commitment means acceptance of the responsibilities and duties and cooperation

means help and assistance. By developing team commitment and cooperation in a work
team you are assisting the team to meet its goals and objectives. Work teams that are
committed and cooperative are more likely to achieve the goals the business has set.

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 Empathy

Empathy is the ability to mutually experience the

thoughts, emotions, and direct experience of others.

The ability to understand another persons

circumstances, point of view, thoughts, and feelings is

empathy.
When experiencing empathy, you are able to

understand someone elses internal experiences.

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 Self Confidence
Self-confidence relates to self-assuredness in
one's personal judgment, ability, power, etc.,
sometimes manifested excessively. Being
confident in yourself is infectious if you present
yourself well, others will want to follow in your
foot steps towards success.
Promise yourself, no matter how difficult the
problem life throws at you, that you will try as
hard as you can to help yourself.
You acknowledge that sometimes your efforts to
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 attitudes that make up that person's personality. Everyone
Character
has character traits, both good and bad.
Some character traits have to do with your underlying values
or beliefs. Some examples of these types of character traits
include: Religious, Honest, Loyal, Devoted, Loving, Kind,
Sincere, Devoted, Ambitious, Satisfied, Happy, Faithful,
Patient, Determined, Persistent, Adventurous, Homebody,
Considerate, Cooperative, Cheerful, Optimistic, Pessimistic,
Funny.
Some character traits can be bad, and you may not want
these traits associated with you. Some examples of these
types of character traits include: Dishonest, Disloyal, Unkind,
Mean, Rude, Disrespectful, Impatient, Greedy, Angry,
Pessimistic, Repugnant, Cruel, Unmerciful, Wicked,
28 Obnoxious, Malicious, Grumpy, Quarrelsome, Caustic, 8/18/17
 Character
A leader or person who likes to be in charge may have the
following character traits: Domineering, Boorish, Persuasive,
Ambitious, Bossy, Disparaging, Picky, Sly, Cold-hearted,
Rude, Self-centered, Conceited
Some character traits can be consciously developed, learned
or acquired. For example, character traits that you may
consciously choose to learn or adopt include: Educated or
Informed
Some character traits for children include: Playful, Zany,
Active, Wild, Silly, Affectionate, Funny, Rough, Talkative,
Rowdy, Smart, Fidgety, Shy, Lively, Submissive, Stubborn
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 Spirituality
Spirituality is the concept of an ultimate or an alleged
immaterial reality, an inner path enabling a person to
discover the essence of his/her being; or the "deepest
values and meanings by which people live.
Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and
contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner
life. S
Spiritual experiences can include being connected to a
larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive self; joining
with other individuals or the human community; with nature
or the cosmos; or with the divine realm.
Spirituality is often experienced as a source of inspiration or
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orientation in life. It can encompass belief in immaterial
 Introduction to Yoga and meditation for
professional excellence and stress
management

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 YOGA
Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring balance
and health to the physical, mental, emotional, and
spiritual dimensions of the individual, when adopted as a
way of life, yoga improves physical, mental, intellectual,
and spiritual health.
Yoga offers an effective method of managing and
reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, and numerous
studies demonstrate the efficacy of yoga on mood-
related disorders.
Yoga is often depicted metaphorically as a tree and
comprises eight aspects, or limbs: yama (universal
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ethics), niyama (individual ethics), asana (physical
 Tree of Yoga
When one thinks about Yoga
today, the first thing that comes to
mind is the physical practice of
postures, or Asana.
As described in Patajalis Yoga
Sutras, Asana is only 1 of the 8
limbs of Yoga.
Applying the other 7 will not only
deepen our physical and spiritual
practice but also help take our
yoga off the mat and into our daily
lives.
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To help better understand how the
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1.Roots: Foundation for living honorably and clearly
Yama a list of outward observances representing principles of ethical
behavior
Ahimsa non harming, compassion for self and others
Satya truthfulness, being honest with ourselves and others
Asteya non-stealing, freeing oneself from the desire to have something
that has not earned or paid for
Brahmacharya wise and balanced use of energy
Aparigraha non-attachment, living with generosity of spirit and action
2.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in ones body and mind
Niyama Inward personal observances that improve the self and
surrounding relations
Sauca cleanliness in ones body, mind, and surroundings, treating our
body as a temple
34 Santosha practice of contentment, seeing the good in things, counting
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ones blessings
 3.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in ones body and
mind
Niyama Inward personal observances that improve the
self and surrounding relations
Sauca cleanliness in ones body, mind, and
surroundings, treating our body as a temple
Santosha practice of contentment, seeing the good in
things, counting ones blessings
Tapas heat, energy of self-transformation to promote
a healthy mind, soul and body
Svadhyaya study of texts and self study
Isvarapranidhana letting go of ego, a feeling of being
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an expression of the whole universe
4.Branches:Strong and flexible to move with the wind of
life
Asana physical practice of yogic postures
5.Leaves:Drawing in life force through the exchange of
breath
Pranayama mastering the science of breath, breath
control
6.Bark: Protecting the tree from outer elements and
preventing its essence from flowing outward
Pratyahara turning awareness inward, sense
withdrawal
7.Sap: Juice which carries the energy on this inward
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 The role of yoga in stress management
Hans Selye first introduced the term stress into life science. The term
stress is derived from the Latin word Stringere, which means to be
drawn tight.
Stress is a complex, dynamic process of interaction between a person
and his or her life. Stress can affect ones health, work performance,
social life, and the relationship with family members.
Eminent behavioral scientist Stephen Robbins defines stress as that
which arises from an opportunity, demand, constraint, threat, or
challenge, when the outcomes of the event are important and
uncertain.
Stress can also be defined as the harmful physical and emotional
responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match
the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker.

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 The role of yoga in stress
management .
Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. Hence we can say that
stress is a silent killer, and prolonged exposure to stress may exert
harmful effects on physical, psychological, and behavioral well-being of
an individual.
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
80% of workers experience job stress.
Kulkarni, in an article Burnout published in Indian Journal of
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, has said that the rapid
change of the modern working life is associated with increasing demands
of learning new skills, the need to adapt to new types of work, pressure
of higher productivity and quality of work, time pressure, and hectic jobs.
These factors are increasing stress among the workforce.
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 IMPACT OF STRESS
One of the studies quoted that stress-related disorders
evolve gradually through four recognizable stages.
1.In the first, psychological changes such as anxiety,
irritability, and insomnia arise, due to over-stimulation
of the sympathetic nervous system.
2.In the second stage symptoms such as high blood
pressure, elevated heart rate, and increased intestinal
motility surface.
3.In the third stage, a more profound physical or
biochemical imbalance sets in,
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4.In the final fourth stage, irreversible symptoms that
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 IMPACT OF STRESS
Increased sympathetic activation and the release of
stress hormones, including adrenaline, lead to
increases in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,
body temperature, and muscle tension.
In contrast, the relaxation response has been proposed
as an antidote to stress; relaxation decreases heart
rate, breathing, body temperature, and muscle
tension.
Similar to stress in the workplace, college students
are also often impacted by stress. Academic stress can
result from many different imperative stressors, such
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as final grades, term papers, examinations, and 8/18/17
 EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS ..
A growing body of research evidence supports the belief that certain yoga techniques
may improve physical and mental health through down-regulation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system
(SNS).
The HPA axis and SNS are triggered as a response to a physical or psychological
demand (stressor), leading to a cascade of physiologic, behavioral, and psychological
effects, primarily as a result of the release of cortisol and catecholamines
(epinephrine and norepinephrine).
This response leads to the mobilization of energy needed to combat the stressor
through the classic fight-or-flight response.
Over time, the constant state of hyper vigilance resulting from repeated firing of the
HPA axis and SNS can lead to dysregulation of the system, and ultimately diseases
such as obesity, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, depression, substance abuse, and
cardiovascular disease. Studies also show that yoga decreases levels of salivary
cortisol, blood glucose, as well as plasma renin levels, and 24-hour urine
norepinephrine and epinephrine levels.

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 EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
Yoga significantly decreases heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood
pressure.
Studies suggest that yoga reverses the negative impact of stress on the
immune system by increasing levels of immunoglobulin A as well as natural
killer cells.
Yoga has been found to decrease markers of inflammation such as high
sensitivity C-reactive protein as well as inflammatory cytokines such as
interleukin-6 and lymphocyte-1B. These studies suggest that yoga has an
immediate quieting effect on the SNS-HPA axis response to stress. While the
precise mechanism of action has not been determined, it has been
hypothesized that some yoga exercises cause a shift toward parasympathetic
nervous system dominance, possibly via direct vagal stimulation. Shapiro et
al noted significant reductions in low-frequency heart rate variability (HRV)a
sign of sympathetic nervous system activationin depressed patients
following an 8-week yoga intervention.
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 EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
Regardless of the pathophysiologic pathway, yoga has been shown to
have immediate psychological effects: decreasing anxiety and
increasing feelings of emotional, social, and spiritual well-being.
Several literature reviews have been conducted that examined the
impact of yoga on specific health conditions, including cardiovascular
disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and anxiety.
Another study has shown improvement of mental health of both the
young and seniors by reducing stress through yoga. Yoga can be
wisely applied in welfare programs to improve the quality of life in all
age groups.
Yogic science includes yogasanas (postures), pranayama (breathing
practices), dhyana (meditation), and relaxation techniques which
benefit human beings at every level.
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 References
1. www.cosc.brocku.ca/~jradue/2p50/slides/chap01.ppt
2. https://www.gwu.edu/~rpsol/service-learning/.../Service-Learning%20PowerPoint.ppt
3. https://www.bastiansolutions.com/blog/index.php/2011/04/06/5-easy-ways-to-show-
people-respect-and-gratitude/
4. http://srecwarangal.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/peve-unit-1.pdf
5. http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Caring
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honesty
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courage
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation
10. http://examples.yourdictionary.com/character-trait-examples.html
11. http://benoityoga.com/tree-of-yoga/
12. http://mdcurrent.in/patients/role-yoga-stress-management/

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 Thank You

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