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4
The BPM Lifecycle (revisited)
Process
identification
Process
Process architecture
architecture
Conformance
Conformance and
and Process As-is
As-is process
process
performance insights
performance insights discovery model
model
Process
monitoring and Process
controlling analysis
Executable
Executable Insights
Insights on
on
process
process weaknesses
weaknesses and
and
model
model their
their impact
impact
Process Process
implementation To-be
To-be process
process redesign
model
model
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The well-known gap
Process
identification
Process
discovery
Process
monitoring and Process
controlling analysis
Executable
Executable
process
process
model
model
Process Process
implementation redesign
To-be
To-be process
process
model
model
6
The result: two sides of the story
Conceptual to-be process models Executable process models
are made by domain experts are made by IT experts
provide a basis for communication provide input to a process
amongst relevant stakeholders enactment system - BPMS
must be understandable must be machine readable
must be intuitive and may leave room for must be unambiguous and should
interpretation not contain any uncertainties
contain purely a relevant set of process contain further details that are only
information relevant to implementation
to-be executed
process model
8
Bridging the gap: one task at a time
Seller
Supplier 1
Supplier 2
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Our running example
1. Identify the automation boundaries
1 2 3
12
In BPMN: specify task markers
13
automated
user
In our example manual
2. Review manual tasks
Principle: if it cant be seen by the BPMS, it doesnt exist.
-> Find ways to support manual tasks via IT:
via user task
via automated task
-> Isolate them and automate the rest
15
Alternative: isolate manual tasks
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Alternative: isolate manual tasks
Segment 1 Segment 2
Segment 3
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Quiz: lets consider this process fragment
Prescription fulfillment process:
Once the prescription passes the insurance check, it
is assigned to a technician who collects the drugs
from the shelves and puts them in a bag with the
prescription stapled to it.
After that, the bag is passed to the pharmacist who
double-checks that the prescription has been filled
correctly.
After this quality check, the pharmacist seals the
bag and puts it in the pick-up area.
When a customer arrives to pick up their
prescription, a technician retrieves the prescription
and asks the customer for their payment.
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BPMN elements irrelevant for execution
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3. Complete the process model
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In our example
22
In our example
23
4. Adjust task granularity
24
Look around
Candidate tasks for aggregation may not necessarily be
consecutive due to a sub-optimal order of tasks in the
conceptual model.
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An exception to the rule
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Our example
Before
After Step 41
Quiz: lets consider this process model
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Possible solution
30
Possible solution
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End of Part I
Part II: the last mile
34
5. Specify execution properties
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Process modeling tool
To create and modify executable process models (by specifying
execution properties)
To store and retrieve automation solutions from a process
model repository
May import from conceptual process modeling tools
39
Example process modeling tools
Bonita IBM
Soft Business Process
Bonita Open Manager
Solution
40
Execution Engine
Instantiates executable process models (also called cases)
Orchestrates distribution of work items to process participants
and software services in order to execute a business process
from start to end
Logs execution data
41
Worklist Handler
Imagine it as an inbox
Offers work items to process participants and allows
participants to commit to these work items
Handles participants work queues and work item priorities
May provide social network capabilities
42
Example worklist handlers
44
Example monitoring & administration tools
Perspective
IBM BPMOne
BPM Process Admin Console
46
Example external services
BPTrends 50
BPMS Landscape
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BPMS classification according to BPMN support
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Lets take a look at a concrete BPMS
Cheat sheet
1. Control flow > specify sequence flow expressions
2. Data flow > specify data types and data mappings
3. Resources > specify participants assignment rules, service details...
Enter Check
no
Invoice Invoice Post Invoice
mismatches
Invoice Details Mismatches
Invoice
received posted
Invoice DB Invoice
Senior Finance Officer
mismatch Block
exists Invoice
Invoice
blocked
57
Want to know more?
Lecture notes
A/V recordings
Quizzes
Tutorials
and more
Thats it!