A BRIEF ORIENTATION ON BASIC CHEMISTRY

G RAM KUMAR

M V G R C O L L EG E O F E N G I N E E R I N G ( AU TON O MO U S ) , V I Z I A NAG A R A M
Outlines
Basic terms used in chemistry
Basics of Organic Chemistry
Classification
Nomenclature
Classification of solvents

Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for Safe Handling of Chemicals

 Terms used in Chemistry
Solution: It is a Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.
Standard Solution: A solution of known concentration is called Standard solution.
The concentration of solution is always expressed in terms of Molarity and Normality
Concentration of a standard solution is generally expressed in following chemical units.
MOLARITY: Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of gram moles of solute present
in one liter of the total solution.
 Terms used in Chemistry
NORMALITY: The normality of a solution is defined as the number of gram equivalents
of solute present in one liter of the total solution.

Ppm: Parts per million (Ppm) is a better notation for expressing concentrations of trace
quantities of species present. This system is convenient for expressing the concentrations
of very dilute solutions. It specifies the number of parts of solute in one million parts of
solution and is expressed mathematically as
Ppm = w X106/W
where w is the number of grams of solute and W is no of grams of solvent.
For even more dilute solutions the system parts per billion (Ppb) is employed.
Ppb = w X 109/W
 Basics of Organic Chemistry
Classification of Organic compounds
Basics of Organic Chemistry

IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic compounds

Basics of Organic Chemistry
Types of Solvents
Classification of Solvents
Solvents in Class 1 should not be employed in the manufacture of drug
substances, excipients, and drug products because of their
unacceptable toxicity or their deleterious environmental effect.
Basics of Organic Chemistry
Solvents in Class 2

Solvents in Class 3

Solvent exposure chart

 Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

Pictorial representation of chemicals as per GHS system

Your success will be
determined by how well
you can overcome
Hardship.
- Frida Polli