Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Daniel Kirschen
1
Functions of Transmission
Generation
Expansion
Plan
G Transmission
Expansion
Plan O(G,T)
T Operation
Analysis
Issues:
How much transmission expansion is needed?
How should the cost be shared between the
users?
G
Network of
Transmission
Company
20 $/MWh A B 45 $/MWh
1000 MW
G1 G2
1000 MW
Assume
No limit on transmission capacity
No limit on generation capacity
Ignore losses and security issues
2011 D. Kirschen and the University of Washington
15
What is the value of transmission?
20 $/MWh A B
1000 MW
G1
1000 MW
G1 G2
?
2000 MW
Unregulated company
No guarantee on revenue
No limit on profit
Builds a transmission line
Collects revenue based on:
Amount of power transmitted
Price difference between the two ends of the line
?
Borduria Syldavia
DS= 1500 MW
DB= 500 MW
DS= 1500 MW
DB= 500 MW
PB = DB = 500 PS = DS = 1500 MW
MW
DS= 1500 MW
DB= 500 MW
No limit on flows means that the two countries operate a single market
p =pB =p S
PB + PS = D B + D S = 500 + 1500 = 2000MW
p B = MC B = 10 + 0.01PB [$ / MWh]
PB = 1433MW
p S = MC S = 13 + 0.02 P S [$ / MWh]
PS = 567MW
p = p B = p S = 24.30$ / MWh FBS = 933MW
2011 D. Kirschen and the University of Washington 22
Infinite transmission capacity
p B = MC B p S = MC S
Supply curve for
Syldavia
FBS= 933 MW
D B= 500 MW D S = 1500 MW
D B + D S = 2000 MW
D B= 500 MW D S = 1500 MW
PB (F) = DB + F = 500 + F
PS (F) = DS - F = 1500 - F
p T ( F ) = 28 - 0.03F
2011 D. Kirschen and the University of Washington 25
Transmission demand function
p T ( F ) = 28 - 0.03F
pT
28$/MWh
933 MW F
p T ( F ) = 28 - 0.03F
k l
cT (F) =
4 t0
800 F (MW)
k = 35 $/year. MW. km
l = 1000 [km]
t 0 = 8760h
2011 D. Kirschen and the University of Washington 29
Supply/Demand Equilibrium
p
($/MWh
)
p T ( F ) = 28 - 0.03F
k l
Optimal cT (F) =
Price 4 t0
Difference
800 F (MW)
Add transmission capacity until the
marginal savings in generation cost is Optimal
equal to the marginal cost of building
Transmission
additional transmission capacity
Capacity
2011 D. Kirschen and the University of Washington 30
Optimal transmission capacity
p B = MC B p S = MC S
27 $/MWh
4 $/MWh
23 $/MWh
FBS= 800 MW
D B= 500 MW D S = 1500 MW
16000
12000
Cost [$/h]
8000
Total cost
4000 Cost of constraints
Investment cost
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Transmission Capacity [MW]
Over-investment
Difference in prices is too low under recovery of
investment costs
Under-investment
Difference in prices is high over recovery of investment
costs
2011 D. Kirschen and the University of Washington
33
Effect of variable demand
Borduria Syldavia