General basic comparison

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Loading 36.4.1 a) 1.5 DL +1.5 LL 9.2.1 U= 1.4(D+F)
combination b) 1.5 DL l+1.5 WL U= 1.2(D+F+T)
c) 1.2 DL+1.2 LL+1.2wl +1.6(L+H+0.5(Lr or S or R)
U= 1.2D+1.6(Lr or S or R)+(L
or 0.8W)
U=1.2D+1.6W+L+0.5(Lr or S or
R)
U= 1.2D+E+L+0.2S
U= 0.9D+1.6W+1.6H
U= 0.9D+E+1.6H

Elastic modulus for 6.2.3.1 Ec=5000 (fck) N/mm2 8.5.1 Ec =57000fc psi
concrete and steel Es=200xE3 N/mm2 Es =29x106 psi

Mu limit Mu limit = 0.138 Fck b d2 Mulimit= f bd 2 1 0.59 f y

y f c'

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Span to depth ratio 23.2.1 Cantilever -7 One-way slab- 20

in slab Simply supported - 20 Continuous slab-24
Continuous - 26
Min reinforcement Plain bar-0.15% 200/fy
in slab High strength bar-0.12%

Nominal cover Columns Footing

Not less than 40mm Resting on mat 2
When dimension is Resting on earth 3
200mm or size of bar is Top of piles 2
12mm then cover is Beams and columns
25mm
For dry conditions
Footings
Stirrups, spirals, ties 1.5
Not less than 50mm
Main reinforcement 2
Slabs
Exposed to earth
Not less than 15mm
Stirrups, spirals, ties 2
Beams not less than
20mm Main reinforcement 2.5
Refer P-47 Table 16A of Slabs
IS code to get the cover No. 11bars 0.75
details for fire resistance No. 14 18 bars 1.5
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T beams 23.1.1 For T beams 8.10.3 Width of slab effective as T
beam flange shall not exceed
lo one quarter of the span length
bf bw 6 D f
6 of the beam
For L beams
Effective overhang of flange
on either of web shall not
lo exceed
bf bw 3D f
12 - 8 * slab thickness
- clear dist. Between the
web
For slab on one side
- 1/12 of span of beam
- 6 * slab thickness
- clear dist. Between the
web

Minimum area of 26.5.1.1. Ast(min) = 0.85 b d / Fy 3.12.5.3 For flexural members

tension a Ast(min) = 3fc /fy * bw*d
reinforcement
And not less than
200*bw*d / fy
For slabs and foundation
Astmin = 0.14%
Grade 40-50 steel 0.2%
Grade 60 steel 0.18%
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Minimum horizontal 26.3.2 Greater of this following 3.12.11.1 Flexural member
distance between 1)larger diameter of 540
the bars the bars s 2.5Cc
fs
2)Size of the
aggregate + 5mm

And not greater than 12 36


Slabs fs
Main bars 3d or
300mm
Distribution bars 5d or
450mm not greater than
the above
Beams
Refer to the IS code P-46
Table-15 it depends on
the percentage
redistribution

Side face 26.5.1.3 When depth >750mm 10.6.7 When d >36

reinforcement Total area of Total longitudinal
reinforcement = 0.1% reinforcement not greater than
area of the web and half of the tensile
spacing not exceeding reinforcement
300mm Spacing Ssk not greater than
d/6, 12 na and 1000Ab / (d-
30)
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Maximum spacing 26.3.3 1) 0% re distribution of the moment
of the tension bars 180mm
2) For other percentage of redistribution
refer table 15
Compression 1) M > Mu li mit compression steel is
steel / Tension steel required
Asc = M - Mu li mit / (352 0.446 fck) * (d -
d)
Ast = (Pt(limit) + Pt2) * b * d / 100
2) if M < Mu li mit compression steel is not
required
Ast = Pt * b* d / 100

Span / Effective 23.2.1 Basic span / Effective depth = 26

depth check (a) Effective span / MF * d 26
MF taken from fig 4&5 using Pt and f s
Fs = 0.58 *fy * (Astreq / Astpro)
Or
MF (tension) = 1 / (0.225+0.00322 * f s
0.625) 2
MF (compression) = 1.6 * Pc / Pc +
0.275 1.5
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Contents Contents
Shear Asv = 0.46 Sv Vn Vu
reinforcement 0.87 fy where
IfV > c Vu factored shear
Vn nominal shear
Asv = (v - Cv) b d
Vn = Vc + VS
0.87fy d
Vc = 2*fc bw*d
c-refer table 19 For members shear and flexure
Cmax 2 and for detailed analysis use
Vc = (1.9*fc + 2500w * Vu *d / Mu )
V = vU / b*d * bw*d
c = taken from table 19 using Pt And not greater than 3.5*fc bw*d
and fck values Quantity
V < c shear reinforcement is Vu *d / Mu not greater than 1
not required
(Asv / Sv)min = (0.4 * b / 0.87 * fy) For members subj. to axial
compression
c< v < c max / 2
Vc = 2* (1+Nu / 2000*Ag) * fc* bw*d
(Asv / Sv) = Vu -c*b*d / 0.87*fy*d
c can be derived from this For detailed analysis
formula Mm = Mu Nu (4*h d) / 8
c = 0.76 (fck*((1+5)^0.5 Vc shall not be greater than
1))^0.5 / 6
Vc = 3.5*fc* bw*d * (1 + Nu /
= 0.8*fck / 6.89*Pt
500*Ag)
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Shear For members subjected to axial
reinforcement tension
Vc = 2*(1 + Nu / 500*Ag) *fc* bw*d
but not less than zero
Where Nu is negative for tension

Nominal shear strength provided

by concrete when diagonal
cracking results results from the
combined shear and moment
Shear strength
Vci = 0.6*fc* bw*d + Vd + Vi * Mcr /
Mmax and not less than 1.7 *fc*
bw*d
Mcr = I / t * (6*fc + fpe fd)
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Spacing of shear 11.5.4.1 Not greater than d/2
reinforcement When Vs exceeds 4*fc* bw*d
the above spacing is reduced
11.5.4.3 to 1/2

Minimum shear 11.5.5.1 If Vu > * Vc

reinforcement
Av = 0.75*fc* bw*s / fy
Not less than 500* bw*s / fy
Spacing of the 11.5.6.2 Vu > * Vc
shear
reinforcement Vs = Vu - * Vc /
For straight bars
Vs = Av*fy*d / s
Inclined stirrups
Vs = Av*fy (sin + cos)*d / s
Group of bars all bent up
Vs = Av*fy*sin not greater
than 3* fc* bw*d

Spacing are calculation for

straight bars
Av / s = Vu - *Vc / *fy*d
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Torsion 41.4.2 The longitudinal 11.6.1 Torsion can be neglected when
reinforcement shall be For non prestressed members
designed to resist an
equivalent BM Tu < f*fc*(A2 cp / Pcp)
Me1 = Mu + Mt For non prestressed members
Mt = Tu (1+D/b / 1.7) subjected to axial tensile or
If Mt > Mu compressive force
Then longitudinal A 2 cp N
reinforcement shall be fc ' 1 u
P 4 AG f c '
provided on flexural cp
compression member to
withstand the moment If it exceeds the condition as per
Me2 11.6.1
Calculate the factored torsional
moment
For solid sections

2
2
Vu TP V
u 2h c 8 f c '
bw d 1.7 A oh bw d
11.6.3 For hollow sections

2 2
Vu TP V
u 2h c 8c
bw d 1.7 A oh bw d
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Transverse 41.4.3 Total transverse 11.6.3.6

reinforcement reinforcement not less
than 2 Ao At f yv cot
Tn
Asv
Tu S v

Vu S v s
b1d1 0.87 f y 2.5d1 0.87 f y

Longitudinal 11.6.3.7 Additional longitudinal

reinforcement reinforcement shall be not
ve
c bS v less than
0.87 f y At Ph f yv cot
2

Al
sf yl

Minimum torsion 11.6.5 When Tu > values of 11.6.1

reinforcement
bw s
Av 2 At 0.75 f c '
f yv
Not less than
50bw s
f yv

Minimum total area 26.5.1.7 At least one longitudinal 11.6.5.2 5 f c ' Acp At Ph f yv
of longitudinal bar in each tie. When c/s Al ,min
torsional exceeds 450mm f yl sf yl
reinforcement additional reinforcement
to be provided At/ s shall not be less than
25bw
f yv
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Spacing of the 26.5.1.3 Rectangular closed 11.6.6 Spacing shall not exceed
torsion stirrups. Spacing shall 12 or PA/8
reinforcement not exceed x1, x1+y1 /
4 , 300mm

Column 26.5.3.1 0.8 to 6% of gross c/s 10.9 Minimum longitudinal

reinforcement area reinforcement
4 rectangular bars 0.01% to 0.08% gross cross
6- circular bars sectional area
Minimum dia. 12mm Minimum bars
Spacing of bars not 4 rectangular bars
greater than 300mm 3 triangular bars
SPIRAL 6- enclosed spirals
REINFORCEMENT SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Ratio of volume of helical
reinforcement to volume Ag f '
of core shall not be less 0.45 1 c
than Ac fy
Minimum diameter 3/8 no.3
bar
39.4.1 Ag f
0.36 1 ck LATERAL TIES
Ak fy Diameter not less than 0.02
times greater dimension of the
member
No.3 to No. 5 bar
Vertical spacing of bar
Not greater than
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Column 26.5.3.2 Maximum pitch not Minimum diameter 3/8 no.3 bar
reinforcement d greater than 75mm LATERAL TIES
Diameter not less than 0.02 times
LATERAL TIES greater dimension of the member
Pitch of the transverse No.3 to No. 5 bar
reinforcement shall not Vertical spacing of bar
be more than the least of Not greater than
the following
-16 times dia. Longitudinal bar
- least lateral dimension
- 48 times dia. Of tie bar
- 16* dia. Longitudinal
bar - 0.5 times least lateral dimension
- 300mm
dia. Of the lateral ties not
less than of the largest
longitudinal bar

Column 10.3.6.1
Pu 0.4 f ck Ac 0.67 f y Asc * Pn ,max 0.85 0.85 f c ' Ag Ast f y Ast
reinforcement

Foundations 34.1.2 Thickness at the 15.7 Depth of the footing above the
Footing thickness Edge bottom reiforcement should not be
less than
Footing on soil not less
than 150mm - Footing on soil 6
Piles 300mm - footing on piles 12
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Footing - Critical 34.2.4.2 D / 2 distance alround the 15.5.4 dp / 2, alround the face of the
section for shear face of the column column

Minimum 34.5.2 Nominal reinforcement for Astmin = 0.0018bh

reinforcement in concrete thickness greater Grade 40-50 steel 0.2%
footings than 1m shall be
360mm2.this provision does Grade 60 steel 0.18%
not supercede the
requirement of the min.
tensile reinforcement based
on depth calculation
Longitudinal reinforcement
atleast 0.5% of the c/s area
of the supported column

Development 12.2.1 For deformed bars

length of bars

is taken from the table 3 * f *
Ld *d
y
26.2.1.1 c ktr
b

40 * f c '
bd s bd
Ld
4 bd c ktr Not greater than 2.5

bd
L not less than 12
d
Slender Columns with biaxial bending

Isolated footing with Moment Click