2016-03

Kathrein Street Connect

An In-ground Antenna Solution
 Agenda

1. Current Network Situation

2. Street Connect Solution
3. Proof of Concept and Next Steps

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1. Current Network Situation

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 Increase of Data Traffic

Wide usage of smartphones and tablets

Enabled by introduction of HSPA/LTE
Compound annual growth rate of 57%
between 2014 and 2019.

Operators require solutions to cope with

this situation.

Mobile data traffic growth

Source: Cisco VNI Mobile 2015

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 How to Increase Network Capacity

Measures to increase data capacity

Enhancements of LTE and introduction
of new 5G technology
Acquisition of additional spectrum
Upgrade of existing networks

Outdoor small cells:

Outdoor small cells will combine
existing macro cells and indoor
Upgrade of legacy networks systems to the concept of
heterogeneous networks

Source: Nokia Deployment Strategies for heterogeneous networks

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 Outdoor Small Cells for Traffic Hot Spots

Small cell problem:

Availability of sites and transport connection
was crucial for a large scale deployment of
micro cells.

Most innovative solution:

Kathrein Street Connect Antenna
Installation in-ground
BTS can be located in an existing manhole
of the fixed network infrastructure
Special antenna is placed into the ground
nearby

Source: Kathrein

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2. Kathrein Street Connect Antenna Solution

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 Building Blocks

Top cover and frame for the protection

Top cover
of the antenna
Antenna radiation system in IP 68 Antenna module
with radiating
casing system
Damping and
Damping element to absorb vibrations horizontal adjust-
ment element
Horizontal adjustment element to adapt
the orientation of the antenna elements Top frame

Kathrein Street Connect Building

Blocks

Source: Kathrein internal

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 Detailed View

Top and side view of Kathrein Street Connect Antenna with cover and frame
Top frame incl. cover
Antenna radiating system with casing

2 x 4.3-10 connectors
Damping and horizontal adjustment
element
Source: Kathrein internal

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 Radiation System

Side and top view of Kathrein Street Connect Antenna module

Four radiators Reflector bowl

Azimuth
adjustment
in 10 steps Damping and horizontal adjustment element

Source: Kathrein internal

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 Top Cover and Top Frame

The antenna is designed to fit to a special top cover and frame from Polieco

Top Cover and Top

Frame

Source: Polieco

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 Compliancy to Standards
EN 124 - Class D 400 Place of Installation:
Carriageways of roads, parking
areas; all types of vehicles
IP Class 68 Protection Class
ETSI EN 300 019-1-5 / -2-5 Environmental Conditions:
Ground vehicle installations
ETSI EN 300 019-1-8 / -2-8 Environmental Conditions:
Stationary use at underground
locations
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Load bearing capacity 400 kN
Dust tight, continuous immersion in water
Protection against vehicle-typical
chemicals, climatic and environmental
conditions
Climatic and biological conditions,
chemicals, earthquake robustness
Source: Polieco, ETSI
 Specifications

Type No. 80010235

Frequency Range MHz 1695 -2690
Gain dBi 5-8
Horizontal Pattern Quasi Omni
Max. deviation from circularity approx. 6 dB
Vertical Pattern Several main lobes above ground level
Cross-Polar Isolation dB > 27
Max. effective power per port W 20 W (at 50C ambient temperature)
VSWR < 1.5
Passive Intermodulation dBc < -153 (2 x 43 dBm carrier)
Polarization Dual vertical
Connector 2 x 4.3-10 female, bottom
Top Frame Outer / Inner Diameter / Height mm 425 / 315 / 100

Preliminary data

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 Preliminary Pattern

1.7 GHz 2.1 GHz

Preliminary 3D antenna
patterns

2.5 GHz 2.7 GHz

Source: Kathrein internal

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 Installed antenna

The optics of the

antenna blend
seamlessly into the
cityscape

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 Installed antenna

Sites installed in Switzerland

NodeB located in
Frame with Cable run
Manhole

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 Installed antenna

Sites installed in Switzerland

Manhole besides Kathrein

Ready for service
Street Connect

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 Installed antenna

Sites installed in Switzerland

Unobtrusive Seamlessly integrated

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3. Proof of Concept and Next Steps

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 SAR Simulation Example

Body Model Whole-body average SAR [W/kg] Localized SAR (limbs) [W/kg]
Source:
(Position)
Swisscom
Simulated Threshold Simulated Threshold
Model 1 (sitting) 0.053 1.98
0.08 4.00
Model 2 (standing) 0.0094 1.52
Simulated with 2 x 1 W input power
According to electromagnetic wave exposure guidelines given in ICNIRP 1998 Exemplary simulation, valid
for indicated specification only

SAR below thresholds for general public exposure SAR = specific absorption rate
ERP = effective radiated power

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 First Site for Proof of Concept

Bern, Switzerland
Kornhausplatz

Source: Google Street View

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 Proof of Concept in Live Network

UE-RSRP (dBm) UE-Rank 2 (%) UE-MAC-TP (Mbps)

100 m

70 m

Street connect antenna

Influenced by
other small cell in
4m height
Measurement for coverage Measurement for MIMO capability Measurement for data throughput

All measurements performed

UE-RSRP = UE Reference Signal Receive Power with 2 x 1 W input power
UE-Rank 2 = UE indication to use 2x2 MIMO
UE-MAC-TP = UE OSI Layer 2 throughput Source: Swisscom

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 Proof of Concept in Live Network

Measurements @ 2600 MHz

Median UE-RSRP: -90 dBm
e.g. an UE-RSRP > -100 dBm means up to 70 m coverage distance

Median UE-Rank 2 utilization: > 90%

i.e. 2x2 MIMO can be used in more than 90% of cases

Median UE-MAC-Throughput: 70 Mbps

i.e. very good data throughput can be achieved

Integrated horizontal adjustment mechanism:

Adaption of radiating directions to environment leading to best MIMO performance

Source: Swisscom

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 Effect of Lateral Obstacle

UE-RSRP (dBm) UE-MAC-TP (Mbps)

Only slight shadowing due to truck Minimum impact on throughput as signal

quality is still good

UE-RSRP = UE Reference Signal

Effect of truck parked in front of the
Receive Power
antenna UE-MAC-TP = UE OSI Layer 2
throughput
w = with truck, w/o = without truck

Source: Swisscom

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 Effect of Obstacle on Top of the Antenna

Area with > 50 Mbps is reduced by 40%

Effect of car parking on

top of the antenna

UE-MAC-TP (Mbps) without UE-MAC-TP (Mbps) with

obstacle obstacle

Source: Swisscom

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 Extended Pilot in Switzerland

Pilot with 17 sites

Implementation starts end of 2015

Zurich Lausanne Basel

Target: Gain more experience in different location installation scenarios

Source: Swisscom

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