DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM

DIABETES CARE(Google Lens implementation)

Presented by: GUIDED BY:

BIPIN BABU
REG.NO:
(Dept.of CSE)

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION
DIABETES
CURRENT DIABETES MONITORING METHODS
THE HUMAN EYE
TEAR FILM LAYERS
BLOOD AND TEAR RELATION
GOOGLE CONTACT LENS
WORKING OF GOOGLE CONTACT LENS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

INTRODUCTION
Google contact Lens is a smart contact lens project by Google. The project
aims to assist people with diabetes by constantly measuring the glucose
levels using tears. The project is being carried out by the life sciences
division of Google X and Novartis and is currently being tested using
prototypes.

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 DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

An estimated approx. 400 million people, or 1 out of every 19, around the
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world struggle with diabetes
DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

DIABETES
What is Diabetes?

Insulin serves as a key to open the cells, to allow the glucose to enter and
thereby allowing us to use the glucose for energy.
But with diabetes, this system does not work.

2 types:
(i) Type 1 Diabetes
(ii) Type 2 Diabetes
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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

Type 1 Diabetes

With type 1 diabetes, the bodys immune system attacks part of its
own pancreas. Scientists are not sure why.

islets are the cells that sense glucose in the blood and, in response,
produce the necessary amount of insulin to normalize blood sugars.

Without insulin sugar stays and build up in the blood.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

Type 2 Diabetes

The most common form of diabetes is called type 2, or non-insulin

dependent diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes are able to produce some of their own
insulin

The insulin acts as the key to open cells, but the key wont work. The
cells wont open. This is called insulin resistance

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

Diabetic coma

It occurs when a person with diabetes loses consciousness. It can

occur in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes

High blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, can make us feel lightheaded

and lose consciousness. Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, can cause
dehydration to the point where we may lose consciousness.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

Current Diabetes Monitoring Methods

Urine Testing: It is the simplest possible test for diabetes. However, it

is not very precise.
Blood Testing: Blood tests give more accurate estimates for blood
sugar. Still it is painful and tedious.
C-peptide Measure: C-peptide levels show exactly how much insulin
the body is making.
Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM): placed just under the skin,
which is worn for a few days until replacement

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

THE HUMAN EYE

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

TEAR FILM LAYERS

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

OIL (LIPID) LAYER:

The outer layer of our tear film is an oil or lipid-based layer. Its main purpose
is to reduce evaporation of our natural tears.

WATER (AQUEOUS) LAYER:

The middle layer is mostly comprised of water. Its job is to lubricate the eye,
wash away particles and prevent infection.

MUCIN LAYER:
The inner layer is the mucin layer. The mucin layer allows the watery layer to
spread evenly over the surface of the eye and helps the eye remain moist and
lubricated. It also provides the underlying cornea with nourishment.
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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

ILLUSTRATION OF HUMAN EYE

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

BLOOD AND TEAR RELATION

The blood and tear fluid is separated by the blood-tear barrier.
This barrier is made by conjunctival and corneal epithelium.
It creates a compositional difference between blood and tear.
However due to plasma leakage some metabolites gets mixed into
the tear fluid.
Analyte Tear fluid Blood Diagnostic
composition Composition( Application
(mm) mm)

Glucose 0.013-0.051 3.3-6.5 Diabetes

Management

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

GOOGLE CONTACT LENS

Google X is developing a smart contact lens that can measure glucose
level in tear

Provides continuous monitoring of blood glucose level

It can get a level reading once every second. The lens also features a
tiny antenna, capacitor and controller so that the information gathered
from the lens can move from the eye to a device such as a
handheld monitor where that data can be read and analyzed

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

Fig: Wearing Google Contact Lens

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

CONSTRUCTION OF GOOGLE CONTACT LENS

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

COMPONENTS:

Wireless chip

Circular shaped Antenna(thinner than a human hair)

Glucose sensor

which are sandwiched between two layers of soft contact lens.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

WORKING OF GOOGLE CONTACT LENSE

A tiny pinhole in the upper layer of the lens lets tear fluid to seep over
the glucose sensor.
A tiny antenna and chip help in gathering information from the lens
and transferring it to a device such as a hand held monitor.
Communication between lens and external device is done using a
wireless technology RFID
The smart contact lens is able to monitor glucose levels once per
every second.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

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WORKING OF GLUCOSE SENSOR 21
DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

As tear comes in contact with the glucose sensor, it undergoes an

electrochemical reaction.
Glucose reacts with Glucose Oxidase(GOD) to form gluconic acid.
The reduced GOD formed reacts with the surrounding oxygen to form
Glucose Oxidase and Hydrogen peroxide.
The formed GOD can again react with more glucose.
Higher the glucose, higher the oxygen consumption.
Platinum electrodes are used for this reaction.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

RFID TECHNOLOGY

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

Radio-frequency identification
RFID is classified into two categories: 1.Reader 2.Tag
In Google Lens an active Reader and a Passive Tag is used.
Passive RFID systems use tags with no internal power source and
instead are powered by the electromagnetic energy transmitted from
an RFID reader.
Active RFID systems use battery-powered RFID tags that
continuously broadcast their own signal.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

ADVANTAGES:

With Google contact lens the traditional finger pricking method

becomes obsolete.
Simple and painless
Continuous glucose monitoring
Mobility to users
Accurate Reading
privacy
Reusable

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

DISADVANTAGES:

Shouldnt be worn while asleep-chance of hypoglycemia-no

monitoring.
The Contact lens may be allergic to some users.
Overheating of electronics and hence chances of exploding are still a
threat.
People already using lens for eyesight may have some difficulty in
wearing Google lens.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

FUTURE SCOPE:

Google X and Novartis are planning to restore the eyes natural focus
in people with eye problems.
A possibility of including Camera into the contact lens enabling
people to take a snap without anyone noticing.
Futurologists say In two decades internet will be in your contact lens,
a blink can take you online

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

CONCLUSION:
The lens will help people with diabetes by closely monitoring the glucose
levels from tears

Contact Lens method is less painful but time consuming

The technology is still under development and needs time to overcome
the traditional methods
The Google contact lens takes it to a whole new level for monitoring
Diabetes.

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DIGITAL CONTACT LENSES TO TRANSFORM DIABETES CARE

REFERENCES:

Zanib.T.Ali,Rashmi P Bijwe-Google Smart Contact Lens Monitoring

Diabetes from Tears, ISSN: 2321 3361,IJESC,Volume 6 Issue No 3.
http://www.refreshbrand.com/dryeye/dry-item/tear-film
https://googleblog.blogspot.in/2014/01/introducing-our-smart-contact-
lens.html

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THANK YOU

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