Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OBJECTIVES:
Introduction
Every one should know something about first aid as you never know when you may be called upon
to use it.
At the most unexpected of times, accidents could occur, involving loved ones, close relatives or total
strangers.
To Prevent/Alleviate suffering
Mask
Gloves Prescribe Medicine
Head Cover Declare Death
Apron
Observer
Listen
Feel
Talk
Touch
Provide
Build Trust
To assess a situation quickly & safely & call for appropriate help
To identify the level of injury or the nature of the illness affecting the
casualty/victim
RESPONSE
AIRWAY
BREATHING
CIRCULATION
To Yourself
To Others
To Casualty
Gently Shake & Shout at the casualty
Look, Listen & feel for Breathing Is chest moving ? If not give 2 breathes
Is there a carotid pulse ?
Is it strong ?
Is it regular ?
Check for circulation Is there a pulse ? Place two fingers in groove of neck.
Giving First Aid can be dangerous.
CAUSES:
Stress or anxiety
Consequence of lung diseases, head injuries or stroke
TREATMENT:
When speaking to casualty, be firm but kind
If possible, lead the casualty to a quiet place where he may be better able to
regain control of his breathing
FAINTING
CAUSES:
Taking in too little food and fluids (dehydration)
Low blood pressure
Lack of sleep
Over exhaustion
TREATMENT:
Lay casualty down, and slightly elevate legs
Make sure she has plenty of fresh air
As she recovers, reassure her and help her sit up gradually
Look for and treat any injury that has been sustained through falling
Shock
occurs when the circulatory system fails, and insufficient oxygen reaches the
tissues. If the condition is not treated quickly, vital organs can fail, ultimately
causing death. Shock is made worse by fear and pain.
This can be as the result of:
Loss of blood due to uncontrolled bleeding or other circulatory system problem.
Loss of fluid due to dehydration or excessive sweating.
Trauma (injury)
Occurrence of an extreme emotional event.
Basic First Aid for Wounds
What to Do:
Wear gloves (if possible) and expose wound
Control bleeding
Clean wounds
To prevent infection
Wash shallow wound gently with soap and water
Wash from the center out / Irrigate with water
Severe wound?
Clean only after bleeding has stopped
Basic First Aid for Wounds
Wound Care
Remove small objects that do not flush out by irrigation with sterile tweezers.
If bleeding restarts, apply direct pressure.
Use roller bandages (or tape dressing to the body)
Keep dressings dry and clean
Change the dressing daily, or more often if it gets wet or dirty.
Bleeding Control
SYMPTOMS:
Redness and swelling in injured area
TREATMENT:
Remove stinger as fast as possible
Reduce pain and swelling with cold compress
CRAMPS
Cramps are painful sensations caused by contraction or
over shortening, usually of muscles.
CAUSES:
Cold or overexertion
TREATMENT:
Stretch the muscle and apply heat or cold (preferably heat)
Cramps from lack of salt and water: Stretch the muscle, drink water and
increase salt intake
CHOKING
Choking is the mechanical obstruction of the flow
of air from the environment into the lungs.
CAUSES:
Introduction of foreign object into airway, which becomes
stuck
Respiratory diseases
Compression of airway (e.g. Strangling)
CHOKING
DEGREE OF BURN
First degree burn:
This involves only the outermost layer of skin and is characterized by redness,
swelling and tenderness.