And how they work

Volcanos and
Earthquakes
 Lets look at our map…
 What do you notice about the
locations of the majority of the
volcanoes??
Are there any
volcanoes in
Saskatchewan?
No…
 Sooooooo…..
How are
volcanoes formed???
How are volcanos
formed???
http://uk.danfossuniverse.com/page2120.a
Volcano Diagram
 Volcanoes may have one of
two types of lava. The type
of lava it is helps determine
the shape of the volcano.
Free and easy flowing lava ->
long sloped sides
Thick(like melted peanut butter) lava ->

steep sides
3 Types of Volcanoes:

Cinder Cone: the smallest

and most common type of
volcano. Bits of lava, cinders
and ash that are hurled out of
the volcano build up around the
crater. It then shapes a bumpy
cone-shaped volcano.
Shield Cone: the largest
volcanoes in the world!! These
have long sloping sides made
from the free flowing lava. The
Hawaiian Islands are made out of
just the tops of the shield
cones!!
Composite Cone: are some
of the most famous and violent
types of volcano. Are made from
alternating layers of cinder rock
and hardened lava.
Mt. Masaya-Nicaragua
What are some effects that
volcanoes have??
 On the land?
 On the environment?
 To people?
Lets look at our map
again….what do we
notice about where
the majority of
earthquakes are??
Are there any
earthquakes in
Saskatchewan
???
 YES!!!!
Actually, small earthquakes may occur
off of plate edges. These may occur
because of smaller faults where salt
formerly filled the ground, and when
an outside force such as mining
causes the ground to move, an
earthquake may be triggered.
Ok, sooo…..How does
an earthquake occur?
 Earthquakes occur along fault
lines, and when two sections of
the earth’s crust shift positions
and rub against each other.
 Most earthquakes occur on the
ocean floor, and are so small that
 Scientistsgather information about
the earth by measuring vibrations
from earthquakes.
 To measure these vibrations you use
a Seismograph.
 The focus of the earthquake is the
point in the earth where energy is
first released, and seismic waves
are the vibrations sent out from that
energy.
 The recording of the vibrations that
look like zig-zag lines are called
seismograms.
Types of Seismic waves:

P waves: fast moving compression

waves, (move in a pattern much like a
catterpillar) are the first ones to reach
the surface of the earth.
S waves: shear waves are slower
moving, (and vibrate side to side) and
can not move through water.
L waves: surface waves are the
slowest types of waves, and travel
along the surface of the earth.
 http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=Science%20Lab
 Epicentre: this is the point on land
directly above where the earthquakes
focus is.
Earthquakes

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tc
n1I6HrGVg
 Whatare some effects that
Earthquakes have??
 To the environment?
 To the land?
 To the people?