TWO CHANNEL AUDIO MIXER

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

3rd Semester

Animesh Patra Adrish Bhattacharya Sayan Ganguly Ayush Bihani

 Audio Mixers
Combining or mixing ,changing the volume level, dynamics
of many different audio signals

Modified signals are summed to produce the combined

output signals, which can then be broadcast, amplified
through a sound reinforcement system or recorded

Our Model mixes two audio signals to produce a single

output through a earphone
 Objective
To make a combined circuit to realise :

Dual audio Input through microphone

Signal Mixer circuit for mixing two signals

Audio output of the mixed signal through Speaker

or Headphones
Circuit Diagram
Audio Input Circuit
Signal Mixer Circuit
 Working Principle
Two audio signals are amplified and fed into the mixer
circuit

The signals are mixed

Output is obtained through Speaker or Headphone

 Working of Audio Input
Two electret microphones are used

Electrostatic capacitor based

Consists of microphone and FET in common source
Powered externally
 Low pass filter
Need of filter
Capacitor and Resistance in series
Output across capacitor
Low frequency gives high reactance
One pole or first order filter
 Working of Low Pass filter
For output voltage across R2

Capacitive Reactance

Impedance
 Cut-off frequency and phase shift

Frequencies above cutoff are highly attenuated

 For Signal Amplification
OPAMP
An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a very high gain differential
amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance
Uses are provide voltage amplitude changes ,oscillators, filter circuits,
and many types of instrumentation circuits.
Opamp uses multi stages to attain high amplification
 Inverting Amplifier
Most used
Rf used as feedback
Gain = -Rf/Ri
 For Signal Mixing
Used for summing

Summed Output
 Circuit Components
Op-amp 741 IC

developed using the planar epitaxial process

ideal for use as integrator, summing amplifier, voltage

follower

8-pin metal can, 10-pin flat pack, 8 or 14 pin DIP

741 IC
Internal Circuit
Features of 741 IC

Short circuit and overload protection provided.

A small dc output appears due to minor internal unbalances, ideally it

should be zero.

Low power consumption.

Large common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and differential voltage

ranges.

No external frequency compensation is required.

No latch up required.
Choosing Resistors
Audio input is very low

Amplified to 3V peak to peak

resistance of 4.7 k in series with the microphone(drain

resistance of the JFET present inside the microphone)

In the low pass filter, we used a 4.7 k resistor and a 0.01uF

We have chosen a feedback resistance of 200 k and an

input resistance of 4.7 k for having a high gain
 Limitations
The Opamp gets heated up

Noisy output

No single rail input

 Scope for Improvement
The noise needs to be reduced

Single Rail Input can be used

The number of channels can be increased

 Bibliography
Online Resources
www.instructables.com/id/Active-Sound-Mixer
www.instructables.com/id/Passive-Audio-Mixer-w-Channel-Volume-Control/
www.electroschematics.com/tag/audio-mixer-circuits
www.circuitstoday.com/tag/audio-mixer
www.quasarelectronics.co.uk/Category/kits-modules-preamps-mixers-effects
www.electronicshub.org / Free Project Circuits / Electronics

Books Referred
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory Robert L Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Millman, Halkias, Satyabrata Jit.