An investigation of densification

behavior of nickel alloy powder

during
hot isostatic pressing
Nickel chromium alloys
- Excellent mechanical strenght
- Resistance to creep
- Good corrosion resistance
- Good oxidation resistance at high
operating temperatures
- Are known as one of the most difficult to
machine super alloys in order to satisfy
production and quality requirement
 Powder metallurgy processes provide near net shape
of products and thus offer important advantages in
terms of material yield and number of productions
stages

Cold isostatic pressing, hot pressing and hot isostatic

pressing (hipping) are being used in powder
metallurgy

Hipping can be used for upgrading castings,

densifying presintered components and consolidating
powders. Also hipping provides better mechanical
properties of parts than those produced by different
manufacturing processes
The driving force for densification and pores closure
is reducing the surface area energy associated with
pores. Eliminating the pores is the first step toward
system energy reduction, as pores specific surface
energy is greater than that of grain boundary energy

In hot isostatic pressing a combination of pressure

and temperature are used to densify the porous
powders. The applied hipping pressure is always
greater than the yield strength of the material at
hipping temperature.

In this paper, nickelchromiumcobalt alloy was

hipped at high temperature and pressure. By
implementing the constitutive model of Abouaf et al.
 EXPERIMENT
Nickel 140
YE
START chromium
cobalt alloy
Powder
Sieving Mesh
powder get process ? Yes
Hipping Proces No

Identification
with SEM

Data
End Conclusion
Analysis
 Experimental
Nickelchromiumcobalt alloy powder with
theoretical density of 8.22 g/cm3 was used in
this work. The particle size of nickelchromium
cobalt alloy powder is 140 mesh. (Fig 1)

A full dense sample was produced by hipping

nickel alloy powder at 1145 C under 103 Mpa.
The hip cycle started by heating up sample to
1145 C in 5 h and holding for 4 h at 1145 C and
103 MPa then finally cooling down to room
temperature. (Fig 2)
 Analysis
1. Rene 95 nickel based alloy densification rate and Kim and Yang
study on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy densification rate have very similar
densification rate at high temperature and pressure.

2. Ti6Al4V and nickelchromium cobalt alloy have relatively high

tensile strength which is over 1000 MPa.
Figure 3:
- Shows the variation of parameters the stress localization introduced by the porosity.and the share
of densification occurred by hydrostatic component of stress state while the stress localization
introduced by the porosity.expresses the densification occurred by deviator component of stress
state with relative density D.

Figure 4:
- shows the finite element mesh used for nickelchromiumcobalt alloy during hipping.
Result
 The finite element calculations agree well
with experimental data.

By using these functions the finalshape of

hipped nickel alloy products can be
predicted thus saving the trial and error
method cost to get the optimal container
design to be used for encapsulating the
powder especially for aeronautics
applications.
Figure 6:
- Shows finite element calculations for relative density distribution of
nickelchromium cobalt alloy powder compacts after 1 min under
1145 C and 103 MPa.
Figure 7:

- Shows finite element calculations for Mises stress distribution of a nickel

chromiumcobalt alloy powder compact after 0 min under 1145 C and 103
MPa.

Figure 8:

- Shows finite element calculations for Mises stress distribution of a powder

compact after 1 min under 1145 C and 103 MPa.

Figure 9:

- Shows finite element calculations for Mises stress distribution of a powder

compact after 4 h under 1145 C and 103 MPa.
 Conclusion
This work reports the densification behavior of nickel
chromiumcobalt alloy powder during hipping at high
temperature and pressure.
Experimental data for deformed shape of hipped part
were compared with finite element calculations. Finite
element calculations were carried out by implementing
the constitutive model of Abouaf et al. in the finite
element analysis software ABAQUS and by using the
parameters f and c from Abondance et al.
Finite element calculations used in the present work
agreed well with experimental data. Finite element
simulations are very useful to design HIP process
containers for more complicated geometries to save trial
and errors costs for getting optimal container design.