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The condition in which water vapor in moist air attains a maximum value
is called saturation.
A small amount of water vapor can be responsible for up to 35%
of air-conditioning load.
PV = nRT
where P is the absolute pressure of the gas [Pa; Nm-2];
V is the volume of the gas [m-3];
n is the amount of substance of the gas, usually measured in moles;
R is the gas constant (which is 8.314472 JK-1mol-1);
T is the absolute temperature [K].
(Wikipedia)
p = pa + pv
where p is the total pressure exerted by the mixture;
pa and pv are partial pressure exerted by dry air and water vapor.
pa V = ma (R/Ma) Tabs
pv V = mv (R/Mv) Tabs
where ma is the mass of dry air in the volume, kg
R is the universal gas constant, 8.315 kJ/(kmol.K)
Ma is the molecular weight of dry air, 28.96 kg/kmol
mv is the mass of water vapor in the volume, kg
Mv is the molecular weight of water vapor, 18.02 kg/kmol
where C1 = 5.8002206e+03
C2 = 5.5162560e+00
C3 = 4.8640239e-02
C4 = 4.1764768e-05
C5 = 1.4452093e-08
C6 = 6.5459673e+00
Tabs is in Kelvin, K.
JEE 634 Chapter 5: Air Psychrometry Dr. Poppong Sakulpipatsin
Properties of Moist Air Psychrometric Chart Air Conditioning Process Air and Cooling Requirement Due to Ventilation Requirement
Relative Humidity 9
RH = pv / pvs
When the temperature is high and the relative humidity is low, evaporation of water is rapid;
soil dries, wet clothes hanging outdoors dry quickly, and perspiration readily evaporates from the skin.
Wooden furniture can shrink causing the paint that covers these surfaces to fracture.
When the temperature is high and the relative humidity is high, evaporation of water is slow.
When relative humidity approaches 100 percent, condensation can occur on surfaces, leading to problems
with mold, corrosion, decay, and other moisture-related deterioration.
the mass vapor per unit mass of dry air at a given condition:
W = mv / ma
= (Mv/Ma) (pv/pa)
= (18.02/28.96) (pv/pa)
= 0.622 pv/pa
W = 0.622 pv / (p-pv)
Also, pv = pW / (0.622+W); p= 101.325 kPa at standard atmospheric condition, air at sea level
= V / ma
Temperature (T)
commonly used to determine the state of humid moist air
ha = ca (T-TR), kJ/kg,
where ca is the specific heat capacity, kJ/(kg.K), of dry air,
T is its (dry-bulb) temperature, and
TR is the reference (datum) temperature.
TR = 0oC in SI unit and for the normal temperature range (0-100oC), ca = 1.006 kJ/(kg.K)
h = ha + W hv
= 1.006 T + W (2501+1.805 T) kJ/kg (of dry air)
T is in oC
h2 = h1 + (W2-W1) hw
W1 = [(2501-2.381T2)W2-(T1-T2)]/(2501+1.805T1-4.186T2)
sling psychrometer
designed to measure a temperature which
is numerically very close to
the thermodynamic wet- bulb temperature
sling psychrometer
h fg
Twb T1- (Wwb -W1 )
ca
Where hfg = the latent heat of evaporation of the water at temperature Twb
RH = pv / pvs
Psychrometric Chart
Volume
Tdb
h W
(sensible) Cooling without Condensation 81
Cooling with Condensation 70.5
17.9
42
10.7
T 15oC 25oC
h W
51
Heating Without Humidification
9.
Heating With Humidification 2 9
6 4.
T 15O 25O 2
C C
JEE 634 Chapter 5: Air Psychrometry Dr. Poppong Sakulpipatsin
Properties of Moist Air Psychrometric Chart Air Conditioning Process Air and Cooling Requirement Due to Ventilation Requirement
26
81
humidification
70.5
dehumidification
42
10.7
T
15oC 25oC
JEE 634 Chapter 5: Air Psychrometry Dr. Poppong Sakulpipatsin
Properties of Moist Air Psychrometric Chart Air Conditioning Process Air and Cooling Requirement Due to Ventilation Requirement
Cooling 27
Cooling
Cooling of moist air: Chilled water in
initial point:
enthalpy 81 kJ/kg
wet-bulb temp. 26.2 C h W
humidity ratio 17.9 g/kg 81
final point: 70.5
enthalpy 70.5 kJ/kg
relative humidity 89 %
17.9
42
wet-bulb temp. 23.5 C
10.7
changes in enthalpy:
81 kJ/kg - 70.5 kJ/kg = 10.5 kJ/kg T 15oC 25oC
initial point:
enthalpy 81 kJ/kg,
wet-bulb temp. 26.2 C, W
humidity ratio 17.9 g/kg h
81
dew point:
enthalpy 69 kJ/kg 70.5
relative humidity 100 % (w = 17.9 g/kg)
wet-bulb temp. 23 C
17.9
42
final point: 10.7
enthalpy 42 kJ/kg
relative humidity 100 % (w = 10.7 g/kg)
wet-bulb temp. 15 C T
15oC 25oC
changes in enthalpy: 39 kJ/kg Cooling with Condensation
81 kJ/kg - 69 kJ/kg = 12 kJ/kg (sensible)
69 kJ/kg - 42 kJ/kg = 27 kJ/kg (sensible + latent)
Heating
the opposite of cooling
reduces relative humidity while humidity ratio remains
constant
Heating
Example: Air at 15 C, RH 40% is heated and humidified to 25 C, RH 50%.
Find the values for the enthalpy and the humidity ratio of the air at the initial
and the final states.
4.2
A B
T (C) 15 25
h (kJ/ kg)
air stream (1), W (g/kg)
80%60%
enthalpy 71.17 kJ/kg,
humidity ratio 16.04 g/kg,
71.17
air stream (2), 64.05
enthalpy 49.81 kJ/kg,
humidity ratio 11.70 g/kg. 49.81 16.04
1 14.59
3
Resultant air stream (3), 11.70
2
enthalpy 64.05 kJ/kg,
humidity ratio 14.59 g/kg.
T (C) 20 30
T dS, sensible
T dS, sensible