RATIONALE FOR

DISASTER PREVENTION AND

LOSS CONTROL
REPORT BY:
John Loyd T. Ardiente Michael Vincent M. Eclevia
Kevin Michael C. Du Jerico Guray
 WHAT IS A DISASTER?

The World Health Organization (WHO)

defines a disaster as a sudden ecological
phenomenon of sufficient magnitude to
require external assistance. It is also defined
as any event, typically occurring suddenly,
that causes damage, ecological disruption,
loss of human life, deterioration of health.
 WHAT IS A PREVENTION?

It is defined as those activities taken to prevent a natural

phenomenon or potential hazard from having harmful
effects on either people or economic assets.
 WHAT IS A LOSS CONTROL?

Also termed mitigation, refers to the measures taken

before disasters which intend to reduce or eliminate their
impact on society and environment. These measures
reduce the physical vulnerability of existing infrastructures
or of vulnerable sites which endanger directly the
populations.
PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES OF PREVENTION

Save lives, Reduce economic disruption, decrease

vulnerability/increase capacity
Decrease chance/level of conflict

Risk Reduction
 TYPES OF DISASTERS

Natural Disaster Manmade Disaster

 TYPES OF DISASTERS
1. NATURAL DISASTER Occur as the result
of action of the natural forces and tend to be
accepted as unfortunate, but inevitable. The
9 natural disasters result from the forces of
climate and geology. Natural disasters are
perhaps the most unexpected and costly
overall in terms of loss of human lives and
resources.
Worst Natural Disasters in the Philippines
 TYPES OF DISASTERS
1. MANMADE DISASTER Result from some
human activities, such as explosions, fires,
the release of toxic chemicals or radioactive
materials, bridge or building collapse,
crashes, dam or levee failure, nuclear reactor
accidents, deforestations, war, etc.
Technological disasters tend to involve
many more casualties than Natural Disasters
of the same magnitude of energy release.
 Another Classification of Disaster:
1. Sudden-onset disaster - include floods, earthquakes,
tsunamis, tropical storms, volcanic eruptions and landslides.
Sudden-unset disasters occur swiftly and often without any
warning.
2. Slow-onset disasters - include droughts, famine,
environmental degradation, deforestation and desertification.
3. Epidemic diseases - are those diseases that normally
do not occur in stable communities but have the potential to
spread under certain conditions.
 Another Classification of Disaster:

4. Industrial/Technological disasters - result from a societys

of industrial and technological activities that lead to pollution,
spillage, explosions, and fire. They may occur because of poor
planning and from neglect of safety procedures.
5. Complex emergencies - are usually man-made, with
multiple contributing factors. They often follow wars between
states, internal conflict and increasing terrorist acts.
 Phases of Disaster
1. Pre-emergency phase- the period before the disaster strikes may be
used to assess how often a particular community is exposed to different
risks and how good is their preparedness.
2. Impact and flight phase- when a disaster strikes. The hazard (fire,
earthquake, floods, etc.) may trigger the displacement of large number of
people from their homes.
3. Acute phase- begins immediately after the impact of the disaster
and marked by intense, often reactive activities by many humanitarian
agencies responding to media reports of very high death rate (may be 5-60
times the normal death rate).
 Phases of Disaster
4. Post Emergency phase- the population movement usually
slows down. This enables critical services to be properly established
and maintained.
5. Repatriation Phase- after the emergency situation is over,
displaced people are expected to return to their place of origin
either on their own or with the help of relief agencies. Repatriation
may be either forced or voluntary.
6.Rehabilitation phase- once permanent solution is obtained,
the focus shifts from relief to development. The aim is to help the
affected community become self-reliant.
 Disaster Prevention Plan

It is a written, approved, implemented, and periodically

tested program specifically outlining all actions to be taken to
reduce the risk of avoidable disaster and minimize the loss should
a disaster occur. The plan is based on a critical and thorough
review of potential disasters to the facility, its geographic location
or industry.
Principal Objective of Prevention Plan:

1. Saves lives
2. Reduce economic disruption
3. Decrease vulnerability
4. Decrease chance or level of conflict
5. Risk reduction
 Contents of Disaster Plan
1. Emergency information sheet : one-page summary of
immediate steps to be taken and individuals to be contacted.
2. Introduction to the plan: its purpose, author, organization,
scheduled updates
3. Communication plan (or "telephone tree"): names of those to
be contacted, including office and home numbers, strategy for
contacting them, and communication vehicles that can be used
4. Institution-wide collection priorities: list, with locations and
name/phone of collection specialist(s). Note: More detailed priorities by
department, subject, and/or location should be indicated in an appendix
to the plan.
 Contents of Disaster Plan
5. Prevention/protection strategy: schedules, procedures, and persons
responsible for routine testing and inspections (e.g., of fire alarms and
suppression systems, roof, etc.), and procedures for follow-up to reported
vulnerabilities.
6. Checklist of pre-disaster actions: outline of procedures to be followed
in advance of emergency for which there is advance warning (e.g., hurricane,
flooding), including assignment of responsibilities for those actions
7. Instructions for response and recovery: summary of steps to be taken
to salvage materials.
 Disaster Management

Is the organization and management of resources and

responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of
emergencies in particular preparedness, response and recovery
in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
 3 Phases of Disaster Management
1. Disaster Preparedness
- It refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the
effect of disasters.
2. Disaster Response
- The primary aims of disaster response are rescue form
immediate danger and stabilization of the physical and emotional
condition of survivors.
3. Disaster Recovery
- It refers to programs which assist those who have
suffered the full impact of a disaster to rebuild their homes, lives and
services and to strengthen their capacity to cope with future
disasters
 Disaster Planning Issues
There are three major issues that must be considered in
developing disaster and recovery plan. These are :
1. Occupant issues it includes all people within a
facility. Each occupant should be grouped according to his
classification as:
a. Regular Occupants include employees of the company
or building owner who are assigned to the facility.
b. Temporary Occupants includes various groups of
people or individuals whose presence at the facility temporarily.
 Disaster Planning Issues
2. Building Issues includes any and all aspects of the
physical structure or site itself. The facilitys various component
systems, geographic location, architectural and structural design.

3. Business Issues the business nature of the facility,

including the nature of tenant business operations is another
factor that must be considered in the planning process.
 Developing the Recovery Plan

In the aftermath of a disaster whether the occurrence is

the result of a natural or human-engineered event attention is
focused on a returning to business as usual. To continue the
business they first undergoes the process of recovery planning.
 Developing the Recovery Plan
Phase I. Identify Business Issues It begins with identifying those business
issues that are necessary to maintain business operations subsequent to the
disaster occurrence, as well as resumption of normal business operations.

Phase II. Prioritize Critical Business Needs involves prioritizing the

critical business needs that are necessary for continuing operations, along with
those issues identified in Phase that are necessary to meet those needs.

Phase III. Develop the Recovery Plan The issues discussed earlier
occupant, building and business issues, may themselves present constraint that
can impact actual recovery time.
 Loss Control
Reducing and eliminating the
occurrence of undesired events through
engineering controls, enforcement of
established procedures, frequent training
and continuous evaluation.
 Objectives of Loss Control Management:
Plan, organize and create strategic plans and
procedures on the control of accident risk;
and
Develop programs that will address both
the human factors and the job factors.
 Three Causes of Loss Incident
1. Lack Of Control - directly related to human resource management,
engineering and risk management practices.
a. Inadequate Systems- program in place hire, train and evaluate desirable
associates.
b. Inadequate Standards Procedures in place to perform critical tasks
c. Inadequate Compliance with Standards established standards are not
enforced
2. Basic Causes mainly cause by man in work or by the person in charge.
a. Personal Factors: lack of knowledge
b. Environmental : inadequate leadership
3. Immediate Cause the unsafe act or condition that caused the event to
occur.
a. Substandard Acts : improper lifting, using equipment improperly
b. Substandard Conditions : defective tools
 Mitigation
Mitigation is a planning and
prevention technique, involves
taking those actions that will
reduce the impact of a disaster
occurrence on occupants, the
building itself and the various
business components.
 Loss Prevention Strategies
1. Identify the scope of a disaster. Criteria for determination of a disaster:
a. Impact of a disaster to the proper functioning of a business entity.
b. Actions of prevent a disaster.
2. Nature of business operations
3. Time Frames determination of the level of downtime, which is the
allowable time for using alternate procedures for a business to function
again
4. Cost alternative procedures used to maintain the business function
should be cost-effective.
 Purpose of Loss Prevention

1. Take actions which can reduce the

occurrence of a disaster

2. Take actions which can minimize

potential losses
 Strategies to meet the Purpose of Loss Prevention
1. Develop a loss prevention policy.
- The management must give their 100% commitment to this program of loss
prevention
2. Identify and evaluate all hazards.
- Assigned personnel for a particular loss prevention area must be able to
identify all possible hazards to ensure the safety of other personnel.
3. Determine Recovery Priorities
- All operation requirements of a company must be identified to ensure
continuous operations.
4. Develop the Loss Prevention Program.
- For a successful and appropriate loss prevention program, the following factors
must be considered:
a. Nature of Disaster
b. Vulnerability of a particular risk
 Loss Prevention Techniques
1. Avoidance is the best means of loss control. Means of
completely eliminating the threat by avoiding the risk

2. Loss Reduction is a technique that not only accepts risk, but

accepts the fact that loss might occur as a result of the risk.

3. Separation - is a technique that involves separating assets which

ensures the safety of other assets when disaster occurs.

4. Duplication is a technique that essentially involves the creation

of backup plan when failure occurs within the main plan.
 References :
http://www.anbg.gov.au/disaster/solinet-outline.html
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14906120/1-Disaster-Prevention-and-Loss-Control/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/13691115/41-RATIONALE-FOR-DISASTER-
PREVENTION-AND-LOSS-CONTROL/
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/planning.htmlhttp://www.ifrc.org/en
/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/definition-of-hazard/
Rationale For Disaster Prevention and Loss Control by Acacio et al
Rationale For Disaster Prevention and Loss Control by Abarquez et al
http://www.pomsassoc.com/6-fundamental-techniques-risk-control/
THE END