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  • Chapter 1213

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    Dinda Anggunianti Utami
    26 Ansichten13 Seiten
    Zieglar-Natta catalysts allow the production of isotactic polypropylene with extraordinary molecular weights over 1 million. They involve combining polypropylene and solid catalysts between 50-90°C under low pressure. Chain transfer agents like CO2, O2, H2, H2O control the molecular weight. The catalysts involve mono- or bi-metallic mechanisms that produce isotactic structures through selective placement of double bonds. Emulsion polymerization involves suspending monomer droplets in water with surfactants and initiators to produce latex particles through three stages: initiation, particle formation, and particle growth.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    Ziegler-Natta Catalyst

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    Zieglar-Natta catalysts allow the production of isotactic polypropylene with extraordinary molecular weights over 1 million. They involve combining polypropylene and solid catalysts between 50-90°C under low pressure. Chain transfer agents like CO2, O2, H2, H2O control the molecular weight. The catalysts involve mono- or bi-metallic mechanisms that produce isotactic structures through selective placement of double bonds. Emulsion polymerization involves suspending monomer droplets in water with surfactants and initiators to produce latex particles through three stages: initiation, particle formation, and particle growth.

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    26 Ansichten13 Seiten

    Chapter 1213

    Hochgeladen von

    Dinda Anggunianti Utami
    Zieglar-Natta catalysts allow the production of isotactic polypropylene with extraordinary molecular weights over 1 million. They involve combining polypropylene and solid catalysts between 50-90°C under low pressure. Chain transfer agents like CO2, O2, H2, H2O control the molecular weight. The catalysts involve mono- or bi-metallic mechanisms that produce isotactic structures through selective placement of double bonds. Emulsion polymerization involves suspending monomer droplets in water with surfactants and initiators to produce latex particles through three stages: initiation, particle formation, and particle growth.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    von 13

    Spring 2008

    Chap 12. Zieglar-Natta Catalyst


    Zieglar-Natta Catalyst
    - Before Z-N Catalyst invention, PP composites were only atactic form
    - After that, isotactic PP composites of extraordinary MW(>106) is synthesized

    LDPE = HPPE HDPE PP


    This has less hardness Use chromium Natta
    , stiffness and strength compounds. 4 billion lb/yr
    compared to HDPE, b Zieglar-Natta process
    ut better ductility, Fre is recent application.
    e radical A few number of
    10 billion lb/yr branches
    AlR3, AlHR2
    Characteristic conditions for PP

    PP and solid catalysts are put together at 50 to 90 below 5atm.


    After stopping of reaction, it is washed with H2O or ROH to remove the catalysts.
    MW is on the control of chain transfer agent
    E.g.) CO2, O2, H2, H2O,

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Dr. Ziegler and Dr. Natta

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Zieglar-Natta Catalyst
    Cl
    Cl open Monometallic
    Ti *
    Cl CH2=CHCH3 Bimetallic mechanism
    Cl
    Assumption: equal site reactivity

    - Monometallic Corsee mechanism

    CH2 CH2
    Cl Cl
    Cl Ti * + CH2=CHCH3 Cl Ti CHCH3
    Cl Cl *
    Cl Cl CH2

    HC CH3
    H2C migration * open H2C CHCH3
    Cl CH2
    Cl Ti * Ti CH2CHCH3 Ti CH2
    Cl
    Cl
    isotactic syndio

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Zieglar-Natta Catalyst

    Bimetallic CHCH3

    H2C CHCH3 H2C
    CH2
    CH2

    Ti Al Ti Al
    R R

    CH2 CHCH3
    CHCH3 H2C
    CH2
    CH
    Ti Al Ti Al
    R R

    TiCl -TiCl3 -TiCl3

    2 vacancy sites => atactic


    1 vacancy site => isotactic

    1 vacancy site => isotactic

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Zieglar-Natta Catalyst

    This image shows the mechanism by which the Ziegler Natta catalyst polymerizes 1-propene.
    The image was created by Christine Ann.
    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Polymerization
    rate B
    C

    Time

    Types of rate curves observed in Ziegler-Natta polymerization: (A) constant; (B)


    decaying; and (C) decaying to constant

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Polyethylene Polymerization

    B
    E

    D C

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Chap 13. Polymerization Processes

    Bulk polymerization
    Homogeneous polymerization
    Solution Polymerization

    Suspension polymerization
    Heterogeneous polymerization
    Emulsion polymerization

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Bulk polymerization

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Solution Polymerization

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Suspension polymerization

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Emulsion polymerization

    Hanyang Univ.
    Spring 2008

    Stages in Emulsion Polymerization

    Hanyang Univ.

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