Introduction on

Electrostatic Precipitator .
 EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

HUMAN HEALTH
OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DECEASE
AFFECTS LUNGS - SILICOSIS FOR FOUNDRY WORKMEN
RESPIRATORY CONDITION DUE TO TOXIC AGENTS
ACUTE CONJUNCTIONS DUE TO CHEMICAL DUSTS, FUMES AND GASES
DISORDER DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTS - ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT OR
LOW TEMPERATURE
EYE IRRITATION, COUGH AND BREATHLESSNESS
FORMATION OF CARBOXYL HEMOGLOBIN WHICH PREVENTS O2
CARRIAGE BY BLOOD
 PURPOSE OF POLLUTION
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Recovery of material for economic reasons
Pulp and Paper Industries (Sodium Sulphate)
Removal of abrasive material in the dust to reduce wear and tear of the
Fan components
Removal of objectionable matter in the dust
NO2 and SO2
 TYPES OF DUST COLLECTING
EQUIPMENTS
Pressure Collection
Sl. Type of Dust
drop effieicny, Remarks
NO. collectors
mmWc %

1. Gravity Settling 25-30 30 to 40 Less efficiency, more

chamber space required and
not suitable for power
plant
2. Inertial Collectors
Impact 30 40 30 40 Not for power plant
Centrifugal 60-80 75 to 80 Were widely used in
(cyclones) power plants but
can not satisfy the
present day
pollution control
requirement
TYPES OF DUST COLLECTING
EQUIPMENTS
Pressure Collection
Sl. Type of Dust
drop effieicny, Remarks
NO. collectors
mmWc %

3. Scrubbers(wet) 50 to 60 80 to 90 Used mainly in process

industries and can not
satisfy the pollution
control requirement
4. Electrostatic 15-25 99.99 Can meet any efficiency
precipitators and mostly used in all
power plants.
5 Fabric Filter 125 to 99.99 Can meet any efficiency
150 and used many power
plants abroad. Gaining
momentum in Indian
Power plants also.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATORS
Very high collection efficiency
Low pressure drop
capacity to collect sub-micron particles
Robust construction - Longer life
Less maintenance
Adaptability
 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPATATOR

It is a device which captures the dust particles from the

flue gas thereby reducing the chimney emission.
Precipitators function by electrostatically charging the
dust particles in the gas stream. The charged particles
are then attracted to and deposited on plates or other
collection devices. When enough dust has
accumulated, the collectors are shaken to dislodge the
dust, causing it to fall with the force of gravity to
hoppers below. The dust is then removed by a
conveyor system for disposal or recycling
 LOCATION OF ESP

BOILER

APH ESP CHIMNEY

 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The precipitation process involves 4 main
functions

Corona generation
Particle charging
Particle collection
Removal of particles
ESP - CORONA GENERATION

Due to the ionisation of gas molecules, + ve ions, -ve ions

and free electrons are generated.
CORONA DISCHARGE IN SPIRAL
ELECTRODE
 ESP - PARTICLE CHARGING

The -ve charges of ions and free electrons travel towards +ve electrode and the
+ve charges of ions travel towards -ve electrodes.
When -ve ions travel towards +ve electrodes, the -ve charges get attached to the
dust particles and thus the dust particles are electrically charged,
ESP - PARTICLE COLLECTION
ESP - REMOVAL OF PARTICLE
 Components of ESP

Discharge Electrodes Emitting Electrodes

Power Components Collecting Electrodes
Precipitator Controls High Voltage Equipment
Rapping Systems Rapping Mechanism
Hoppers
Purge Air Systems
Heaters
Flue Gas Conditioning
Gas Distribution Screen
 Components and their function
Discharge Electrodes: Discharge electrodes emit charging current and
provide voltage that generates an electrical field between the discharge
electrodes and the collecting plates. The electrical field forces dust
particles in the gas stream to migrate toward the collecting plates. The
particles then precipitate onto the collecting plates. They are typically
supported from the upper discharge frame and are held in alignment
between the upper and lower discharge frames. The upper discharge
frame is in turn supported from the roof of the precipitator casing. High-
voltage insulators are incorporated into the support system.
Collecting Plates :Collecting plates are designed to receive and retain the
precipitated particles until they are intentionally removed into the hopper.
Collecting plates are also part of the electrical power circuit of the
precipitator. These collecting plate functions are incorporated into the
precipitator design. Plate baffles shield the precipitated particles from the
gas flow while smooth surfaces provide for high operating voltage.
Collecting plates are suspended from the precipitator casing and form the
gas passages within the precipitator
 Components and their function
Power Supplies and Controls :The power supply system is designed to
provide voltage to the electrical field (or bus section) at the highest
possible level. The voltage must be controlled to avoid causing sustained
arcing or sparking between the electrodes and the collecting plates.
Electrically, a precipitator is divided into a grid, with electrical fields in
series (in the direction of the gas flow) and one or more bus sections in
parallel (cross-wise to the gas flow). When electrical fields are in series,
the power supply for each field can be adjusted to optimize operation of
that field. Likewise, having more than one electrical bus section in parallel
allows adjustments to compensate for their differences, so that power
input can be optimized. The power supply system has four basic
components:

Automatic voltage control

Step-up transformer
High-voltage rectifier
Sensing device
 Components and their function
Gas distribution System: For creating similar gas and dust conditions
Uniformity is desired in the following parameters:
Gas velocity
Gas temperature
Dust loading
Gas distribution devices, which ensure this, consist of turning vanes in the
inlet ductwork, and perforated gas distribution plates in the inlet and/or
outlet fields of the precipitator.
Rapping Systems : Rappers are time-controlled systems provided for
removing dust from the collecting plates and the discharge electrodes.
Rapping systems are actuated by electrical, or by mechanical means.
Rapping methods include
Discharge Electrode Rapping : Discharge electrodes should be kept as
free as possible of accumulated particulate
Collecting Plate Rapping: Remove the bulk of the precipitated dust
 Factors affecting ESP Performance

Particle Size Distribution

Gas Speed
Particle Resistivity (can change with presence of sulfur,
Moisture,temperature)
ESP Voltage Levels
Re-entrainment of Fly Ash
Rapping Frequency
Fly Ash Properties. (Cohesive Property)
Sparking, back corona and
Particle Loading
 Bag filter:
Bag filter {also called dry dust collector or fabric
filter} are nearly as efficient as precipitator. Bag
filter are enclosed housing containing anywhere
from several dozen to several thousand fabric
filter bag.
The dust-laden air is pushed or pulled through
the filter bags causing a dust layer to form on the
bag which separate dust from clean air.
The bag are cleaned either by using mechanical
shaking or a reverse air process or pulsing using
with compressed air.
Bag Filter:
 Bag Filter:

Chimney
Suction Duct

Fan
 SUITABILITY OF AMMONIA
DOSING
Ammonium bisulphate molecules (being adhesive in

nature) increases the adhesion strength of dust collected

on electrodes and falls in the form of lumps while rapping

and thus reduces the re-entertainment loss.

Ammonium sulphate is the outcome of neutralization of

excess sulpher present in flue gas.

Collecting
electrodes

Emitting
electrodes
 Rapping
Mechanism
THANK YOU