C A

E
F

B
D
 Specialized cells
Explain how the structure of different
specialized cells helps their function

A
C

E
F
B
D
Write answers on your paper
Name A-F on the plant cell
What grade did you get today?

To get a C- Recognize different specialized cells &

identify the key organelles

To get a B- Explain how certain cells are specialized

To get an A- Explain how the cells structure is

related to its function
What does it mean??
Something that is designed to do
a particular job
How do football players differ from each other?
They are specialized to carry out certain jobs for
the team
Task
Label the cell membrane (CM), nucleus (N) &
cytoplasm (C) on each of the different cells
Label it as an animal or plant cell
Match the function to the correct cell

Extension:
Label any other organelles you recognize e.g.
chloroplasts
 Which cell matches each
of the job vacancies?

Make up your own job

vacancy ad for a specialized
cell of your choice

Brilliant Biologists for the

best!
Job vacancies
1- 2-
3- 4-
5-
Cells Tissue

Grouped with cells

that look the same
and do the same job
Tissue 1 Tissue 2

Different tissues link together to do a Organ

certain job
Different organs

Organ system
Cell Organization:

is a group of cells that look the

same and carry out the same job

is a group of tissues working

together to carry out a job

is a group of organs working

together to carry out a function
What grade did you get today?

To get a C- Recognize different specialized cells &

identify the key organelles

To get a B- Explain how certain cells are specialized

To get an A- Explain how the cells structure is

related to its function
Ciliated Epithelium
Cell- Has hairs (cilia)
which 'waft' to trap
dirt and germs
Red Blood Cell-disc
shaped to carry
oxygen around the
body
Palisade Leaf Cell-
Filled with green
chloroplasts to get
energy from
sunlight.
Nerve Cell- long,
thin and 'wire-like'
to send messages
around the body
Root Hair Cell- Hair-
like projection to
absorb water
Sperm Cell- Tail to
help it swim to the
egg cell
Egg Cell- large and
surrounded by food
for the baby to grow
 Questions
1. Why are nerve cells so long?
2. Where are egg cells found?
3. What is palisade cell specialised to do?
4. Why does a root hair cell have a thin wall?
5. The hairs in a ciliated cell are known as?
6. What is a sperm cell designed to do?
7. How are red blood cells different from
other cells?
(a) identify cell structures (including organelles) of typical
plant and animal cells from diagrams,
photomicrographs and as seen under the light
microscope using prepared slides and fresh material
treated with an appropriate temporary staining
technique:
chloroplasts
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
cell vacuoles
nucleus
(b) identify the following organelles from diagrams and
electronmicrographs:
mitochondria
ribosomes
(c) state the functions of the organelles identified
above
(d) compare the structure of typical animal and plant
cells
(e) state, in simple terms, the relationship between cell
function and cell structure for the following:
absorption root hair cells
conduction and support xylem vessels
transport of oxygen red blood cells
(f) differentiate cell, tissue, organ and organ system
 Building blocks of life
Simplest units of life
Chemical reactions in the cell keeps us alive
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
 Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
What does a cell consists of?
Each living cell consists of living material called
protoplasm.

Protoplasm:
Water makes up 70% of protoplasm

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats
1) Cell Surface Membrane
2) Cytoplasm
3) Nucleus
 nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
cell vacuoles
ribosomes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cell Structure and Function:

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63
 Surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell
Partially permeable membrane
Allows some substances but not all to move in and
out of the cell
 Surrounded by a
membrane called the
nuclear envelope
Contains one or more
nucleoli
Contains chromatin

Functions of the nucleus:

1. Controls cell activities such as
cell growth and the repair of
worn-out parts
2. Essential for cell division
Nucleolus
 Between the cell surface membrane and the nucleus
Contains enzymes and organelles
 Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts (only in plant cells)
Cell vacuoles
 Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria
Energy production
Energy used to perform cell activities such as
growth and reproduction
 Required for protein synthesis in the cell
 A vacuole is a fluid-filled space enclosed by a
membrane
Animal cells have many small vacuoles that
contain water and food substances such as
proteins and carbohydrates
op Quiz!

D A

E B

C
Plant Cells:
http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63
 Animal Cells Plant Cells

Cell wall absent Cell wall present

Chloroplasts absent Chloroplasts present

Vacuoles are small, Vacuoles are large, sap-

temporary in animal cells filled in plant cells
 Surrounds the cell surface
membrane
Cell wall is made of
cellulose
Protects the cell from injury
Gives the plant cell a fixed
shape
Cell wall is fully permeable
 Found only in plant
cells
Chloroplasts contain a
green pigment called
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is essential
for photosynthesis, the
process by which plants
make food
 Plant cells usually have
a large central vacuole
which contains a liquid
called cell sap
Cell sap contains
dissolved substances
such as sugars, mineral
salts and amino acids
op Quiz!
Label and identify the diagram

D B

C
E

F
Red Blood Cell Sperm Cell

Nerve Cell

Root Hair Cell

Egg Cell
The process by which cells develop special
structures or lose certain structures to enable
them to carry out specific functions.

Hence, cells become differentiated to form

specialised cells.

The structure of each cell is adapted to perform

the specific functions of the cell.
1) Red Blood Cell
Cell Structure Adaptation to Function
Contains haemoglobin Haemoglobin transports
oxygen from the lungs to
all parts of the body.
No nucleus Carry more haemoglobin
which leads to increased
transport of oxygen.
Circular biconcave shape Increased surface area
to volume ratio of the
cell. Hence, increased
transport of oxygen.
2) Xylem Vessel
Cell Structure Adaptation to Function
Long hollow tubes (no Enables water to move
protoplasm) easily through the lumen.

Lignified walls Lignin strengthens the

walls and prevents the
xylem vessels from
collapsing.
3) Root Hair Cell
Cell Structure Adaptation to Function
Long and narrow Increased surface area
to volume ratio of the cell
which leads to increased
absorption of water and
mineral salts from the
soil.

Specialised Plant and Animal Cells:

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63