GAS LIFT VALVE MECHANICS

CAMCO 1998
 GAS LIFT VALVE MECHANICS
3 basic types of gas lift valve, each available in 1 & 1-1/2 sizes:

Dummy valves Orifice valves Unloading valves

Square edged Injection pressure (casing)

Venturi (nova) operated valves
production pressure (fluid)
operated valves
Throttling/proportional
response valves

CAMCO 1998
UNLOADING VALVES

CAMCO 1998
 Diaphragm/
Atmospheric Bellows

Spring

Stem Upstream/
Casing
Stem Tip
Upstream
Downstream

Port

Downstream/Tubing

Pressure Regulator Spring Operated Gas Lift Valve

CAMCO 1998
VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES
F=PXA

WHEN THE VALVE IS CLOSED

TO OPEN IT..
Pd 1 Pd
Pd x Ab= Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap
2
Pc
1
Pc
WHEN THE VALVE IS OPEN
TO CLOSE IT..
2
Pd = Pc (Ab)

Pt

UN BALANCED VALVE
CAMCO 1998
VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES
CLOSING FORCE (IPO VALVE) Fc = PbAb

OPENING FORCES (IPO VALVE) Fo1 = Pc (Ab- Ap)

Fo2 = Pt Ap

TOTAL OPENING FORCE Fo = Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap

JUST BEFORE THE VALVE OPENS THE FORCES ARE EQUAL

Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap = Pb Ab

Pb - Pt (Ap/Ab)
SOLVING FOR Pc Pc = --------------------------
1 - (Ap/Ab)
WHERE: Pb = Pressure in bellows
Pt = Tubing pressure
Pc = Casing pressure
Ab = Area of bellows
Ap = Area of port
CAMCO 1998
VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES
Pb - Pt (Ap/Ab)
Pc = ----------------------
1 - (Ap/Ab)

Pb - Pt (R)
Pc = ----------------------
1-R

Pb = Pc (1 - R) + Pt (R)

Where R = Ratio Ap/Ab

CAMCO 1998
 PRODUCED FLUID

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

INJECTION GAS

2000

4000

DEPTH FTTVD
6000

8000

10000

12000

14000
DRAWDOWN

TUBING PRESSURE
CASING PRESSURE FBHP SIBHP

CAMCO 1998
GAS LIFT VALVES CLOSE IN SEQUENCE
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

2000

4000
DEPTH FTTVD

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000
DRAWDOWN

TUBING PRESSURE
CASING PRESSURE FBHP SIBHP
CAMCO 1998
 CASING P. CASING P
TO OPEN TO CLOSE
PRODUCED FLUID
DOME P.

INJECTION GAS AT SURFACE 1200 PSI ? PSI

TUBING P.
@ DEPTH
VALVE # 1 1260 PSI ? PSI

560 PSI

VALVE # 2 1300 PSI ? PSI

740 PSI

890 PSI

VALVE # 3 1340 PSI ? PSI

Pd = Pc (1-R) + Pt (R)

NOTE : ALL VALVES 3/16 R-20

R = 0.038 1-R = 0.962
CAMCO 1998
 Pb Pb
Dome Dome

Chevron Chevron
Packing Packing
Stack Stack

Bellows Bellows

Stem Tip (Ball)

Pc Square Edged
Seat Pc
Stem Tip (Ball)

Square Edged
Seat

Pt
Chevron Chevron
Packing Pt Packing
Stack Stack

Check Valve Check Valve

Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type

Injection Pressure (Casing) Operated Gas Lift Valve Production Pressure (Fluid) Operated Gas Lift Valve
CAMCO 1998
 Dome Pb
Atmospheric
Spring Bellows

Chevron
Packing
Stack

Bellows
Chevron
Packing
Stack

Pc Pc
Spring
Adjustment
Large T.C. Ball Nut & Lock Nuts
Tapered
T.C. Seat
Stem Tip (Ball)
Square Edged
Chevron Pt Seat
Packing
Stack Chevron
Packing
Stack Pt

Check Valve Check Valve

Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Spring Operated

Proportional Response Gas Lift Valve Injection Pressure (Casing) Operated Gas Lift Valve
CAMCO 1998
 CAMCO 1998
 CAMCO 1998
 GAS LIFT VALVE FEATURES
Bellows protection
Max dome charge
Check valve
Stem travel
Metallurgy
Elastomers
Max fluid rate

CAMCO 1998
UNLOADING GAS LIFT VALVE

Normally required during unloading phase

only
Open only when annulus and tubing
pressures are high enough to overcome
valve set pressure
Valve closes after transfer to next station
May be spring or nitrogen charged

CAMCO 1998
 ORIFICE VALVES
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ORIFICE VALVE:
SQUARED EDGED ORIFICE
VENTURI (NOVA)

Valve designed for accurate gas passage

prediction.
One-way check valve for tubing integrity.

CAMCO 1998
NOVA VALVE

CAMCO 1998
 OPERATING GAS LIFT VALVE

Typically an orifice type Gas lift valve

always open - allows gas across Passage whenever
correct differential exists
Gas injection controlled by size and differential
across replaceable choke
Back-check prevents reverse flow of well fluids from
the production conduit

CAMCO 1998
GAS LIFT MANDRELS, LATCHES &
KICKOVER TOOLS

CAMCO 1998
GAS LIFT MANDRELS

SIDE POCKET
MANDRELS

CONVENTIONAL
MANDREL

CAMCO 1998
 5 1/2 MMRG-4, 1 1/2 POCKET
ROUND MANDREL DESIGN CAMCO

Orienting Tool G Latch Polished

Sleeve Discriminator Lug Seal Bore

ENGINEERING DATA
PART NUMBER 05712-000-00001
SIZE 5 1/2
MAX O.D. 7.982
MIN I.D. 4.756
DRIFT I.D. 4.653
THREAD 17 LB/FT MANN BDS B x P
TEST PRESSURE INTERNAL 7740 PSI
TEST PRESSURE EXTERNAL 6280 PSI
LATCH TYPE RK, RK-1, RKP, RK-SP
KICKOVER TOOL OM-1, OM-1M, OM-1S
RUNNING TOOL RK-1 15079
PULLING TOOL 1 5/8 JDS 15155
MATERIAL 410 S.S., 13 CR 22 HRC MAX
TENSILE STRENGTH (EOEC) 490,000 LBS
CAMCO 1996
CAMCO 1998
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RK / BK LATCH

THERE ARE OTHER

LATCHES
1-1/2 RK
1-1/2 RA
1-1/2 RM
T2 LATCHES
1 BK

CAMCO 1998
 KICKOVER TOOL
THE KICKOVER TOOL IS RUN ON WIRELINE AND USED TO PULL AND SET
GAS LIFT VALVES. THE ABILITY TO WIRELINE CHANGE-OUT GAS LIFT
VALVES GIVES GREAT FLEXIBILITY IN THE GAS LIFT DESIGN

CAMCO 1998
 DAY 2
LETS DO GAS
PRODUCED FLUID LIFT CONSTANT
DESIGN FLOW GAS LIFT WELL
PRESSURE (PSI)
INJECTION GAS 0 1000 2000

Recap
0

Finish off outstanding

1000
work CASING PRESSURE WHEN
WELL IS BEING GAS LIFTED

Gas Lift Well Kick-off

2000

Gas laws applied to 3000

gas lift design

DEPTH (FT TVD)

Gas Passage 4000
OPERATING GAS LIFT VALVE

Flowing gradient exercises

5000

Gas lift design methods

6000
Gas lift design - examples

SIBHP
Mandrel spacing 7000

Gas requirements FBHP

Port size selection

Pressure valve calculations

CAMCO 1998
 RECAP - DAY 1
ARM OURSELVES WITHPRODUCED
THE KNOWLEDGE
FLUID CONSTANT FLOW
TO DO GAS GAS
LIFT LIFT WELL
DESIGN
PRESSURE (PSI)
INJECTION GAS 0 1000 2000
0

Course introduction
1000

Introduction to artificial lift CASING PRESSURE WHEN

WELL IS BEING GAS LIFTED

Types of gas lift 2000

Applications of continuous

DEPTH (FT TVD)

3000 flow gas lift
Advantages & disadvantages
4000
of gas liftGAS LIFT VALVE
OPERATING

Basic introduction to gas lift principles

5000
Continuous flow unloading sequence
Inflow and outflow 6000
performance

SIBHP
Gas lift valve mechanics
7000

Gas lift mandrels, latches, kickover tools FBHP

Unloading sequence - computer model

CAMCO 1998
 CAMCO 1998
 CAMCO 1998
GAS LIFT VALVE CHANGEOUTS!

Methodical
Equalise pressure
Valve catcher
Latches
Running / pulling tools
Pressure tests
Experience
Risk

CAMCO 1998
 EQUIPMENT SUMMARY
Side pocket mandrels
IPO unloading valves
Fluid pressure operated valves
Proportional response valves
Orifice valves
Shear open valves
Latch system
Dump kill valves
Circulating valves
Pilot valves
Check systems
Waterflood regulators
Chemical injection systems
Time cycle controllers
CAMCO 1998
SURFACE ACTUATED/CONTROLLED
GAS LIFT VALVE

Hydraulic controlled valve

Electric controlled valve

CAMCO 1998