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Contents
Specific Defects
Surface Preparation
Application
In Service
Inherent
Film Defects
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Definition & Types of Coating Defects
Types of Defects
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Causes of Coating Defects
Poor application
Mixing (1-pack & 2-pack)
Use of brush & roller (low dft per coat)
Use of spraying (low or high dft per coat)
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Causes of Coating Defects
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Specific Defects Surface Preparation
Low film thickness of paint over steel with large blast profile
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Specific Defects Surface Preparation
2) Cissing
Due to contamination of the surface, (eg where paint
can not wet the surface fully) or in the paint.
3) Millscale effects
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Specific Defects Surface Preparation
4) Welding Issues
Painting over weld flux residues can cause problems
as it is hygroscopic (absorbs water and then dissolves
in it) and corrosion will break through the coating at
these points
Paint applied over weld spatter will show early
breakdown, due to shrinkage stress in the coating.
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Specific Defects Application
1) Blooming
surface effect if amine & amine-adduct cured
epoxies contact with water before full cure.
unreacted curing agent takes up moisture.
not detrimental to film performance but must be
removed (solvent wiping) before painting.
2) Blushing
White surface film soon after application at high
humidity due to condensation in the film.
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Specific Defects Application
3) Dry Spray
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Specific Defects Application
4) Lapping
5) Pin holing
Circular pits which appear to be free of paint.
Bubbles break at a stage where the coating has
already dried too much for it to flow and repair the
broken surface.
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Specific Defects Application
7) Wrinkling
Common on alkyds at high dft, where surface drying
of the film occurs while the under portion of the film
remains soft for a longer time
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Specific Defects Application
Sagging & Curtaining
Under the
effect of
gravity.
Coating Steel
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Specific Defects Application
Sagging & Runs
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Specific Defects Application
Wrinkling
A rough crinkled
surface caused by a
drying interference
forming a wrinkled
skin
Cause
Applying the paint too thickly
Over coating an insufficiently cured primer
Painting during extreme hot or cool / damp conditions
forcing skin to form rather than cure to occur
Remedial Action
Remove wrinkled layers by sanding / scraping
Patch prime and finish allowing adequate cure in
between coats
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Specific Defects In Service
1) Mechanical Damage
Scratching etc is an unavoidable fact of life, but
certain precautions can be taken in terms of handling
times and the coating specified for a particular use.
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Specific Defects Inherent
1) Bleeding
some pigments are solvent soluble
Tar & Bituminous coatings will bleed through if next
coat has strong solvents
2) Chalking
Common for epoxies, as UV degradation of the resin
at the surface causes breakdown and the release of
pigment particles.
It is a surface effect only, and not associated with a
true failure. However, surface dust must be washed off
before applying further coats.
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Specific Defects Inherent
Chalking
UV Light UV Light
Long
Exposure
The upper layer
is broken down
by UV light
Most of the coating
is not affected
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Specific Defects Inherent
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Surface Discoloration
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Specific Defects Film Defects
1) Blistering
Caused by:-
painting over moisture
painting over soluble salts
solvent entrapment
coating permeability to gas
excessive Cathodic Protection
painting over porous surfaces
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Blistering
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Specific Defects Film Defects
2) Bubbling
Caused by:-
Painting over porous substrates (eg Zinc Silicate)
and displacement of air - Mist Coats.
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Specific Defects Film Defects
3) Checking
Surface cracking which does not penetrate right
through the topcoat - and may need a lens to see it.
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Specific Defects Film Defects
4) Cracking
Fracture of at least the topcoat of paint with ageing,
and occurs when the substrate and coating expand
and contract at different rates.
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Cracking
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Different Types of Cracking
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Caused by:-
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Liquid Paint
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Specific Defects Film Defects
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Specific Defects Film Defects
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Detachment
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Detachment
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Specific Defects Film Defects
Coatings Detachment Inspection
Coat #2
Coat #1
Steel
Flake Flake Detachment from Steel Substrate
Front Back Due to surface contamination,
application beyond pot-life etc
Left behind
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Final Thoughts & Suggestions
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Thank You
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