Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Diascorides
First century A.D.
De Materia Medica (standard text on drugs for 1500 years)
Ancient Origins
Dr. John Morgan
Eighteenth Century
Supported the separation of the professions of
pharmacy and medicine
Pharmacist
The profession of pharmacy exists to safeguard
the health of the public
The pharmacist is one who is licensed to prepare
and dispense medications, counsel patients, and
monitor outcomes pursuant to a prescription
from a licensed health professional
The role of the modern pharmacist evolved
from compounder and dispenser
to providing medication information and preventing
medication-related problems
Evolution of the Pharmacists Role
During the twentieth century, the pharmacy
profession has evolved through four stages.
Traditional Era
Scientific Era
Clinical Era
Pharmaceutical-care Era
Traditional Era
Early twentieth century
Formulation and dispensing of drugs from
natural sources
Pharmacognosy
The study of the medicinal properties of natural
products of animal, plant, and mineral origins
Galenical pharmacy
Techniques for preparing medications
Scientific Era
Began after World War II
Emergence of the pharmaceutical industry
Drugs made in factories, not apothecary shop
Pharmacy education emphasized sciences
Pharmacology
The scientific study of drugs and their mechanism
of action including side effects
Pharmaceutics
Release characteristics of drug dose forms
Clinical Era
1975: Millis Report, Pharmacists for the Future
New educational emphasis on clinical (patient-
oriented) pharmacy
Pharmacokinetics
the activity of a drug within the body over a period of
time; includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
elimination
Pathophysiology
the study of disease and illnesses affecting the normal
function of the body
Pharmaceutical-Care Era
1990: Hepler and Strand defined
Pharmaceutical care
a philosophy that expanded the pharmacists role to
include appropriate medication use to achieve
positive outcomes with prescribed drug therapy
includes
Monitoring response to therapy
Educating patients and dispensing prescriptions
In the Field of pharmacy, the first drug stores were opened by Muslim
pharmacists in Baghdad in 754, while the first apothecary shop were
also founded by Muslim Practitioners. The advances made in the Middle
East by Muslim chemists in botany and chemistry led Muslim
physicians to substantially develop pharmacology
1. Community Pharmacy
2. Hospital Pharmacy
3. Veterinary Pharmacy
4. Clinical Pharmacy
5. Compounding Pharmacy
6. Consultant Pharmacy
7. Military Pharmacy
8. Nuclear Pharmacy
9. Internet Pharmacy
Community Pharmacy : These are basically drug stores or chemists
shop available in the open market or in the community and manned by
the certified Pharmacists and druggists. The chemists have to get valid
license for sales of Retail or the bulk drug as per the existent Drug and
Price Control Act
Pharmacies within hospitals differ considerably from community pharmacies. Some
Pharmacists In hospital pharmacies may have more complex clinical medication
managements issues whereas pharmacists in community pharmacies often have more
complex business and customer relations.
Clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care service that optimizes the
use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.
Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the
clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospital and clinics
Compounding is the practice of preparing drugs in a new forms.
If the drug is not palatable, to make it palatable ,is an example
of compounding.