RADSS

Busbar protection relay -RADSS
HIGH SPEED PERCENTAGE RESTRAINT
BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION AND
ITS APPLICATION FOR DIFFERENT
BUS CONFIGURATIONS
ABB India
Utilities - Automation
BSP / KAK 1
NEED FOR BUS PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARANCE TAKES PLACE IN

ZONE-II OF DISTANCE RELAY BY REMOTE END TRIPPING.
THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND

WIDE SPREAD BLACK OUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARANCE
GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.
INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENTS LIKE

SHAFTS OF GENERATOR AND WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER
ABB India
BSP / KAK 2
HIGH IMPEDANCE BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

BASIC FEATURES
SETTING VR > IF ( RCT + 2 RL)

VK > 2 VR
RL
RCT FOR VR TO BE ZERO FOR

VR EXTERNAL FAULT
A B
nA = nB 1 + RA / ZA
1 + RB / ZB
n = TURNS RATIO
R = RCT + 2 RL
Z = MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCE
ABB India
BSP / KAK 3
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDANCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
A. PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs
NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES.

IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCES.
AUX CTs FOR RATION CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE.
B. INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT
C. SLOW RESPONSE
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 - 20 ms.
ABB India
BSP / KAK 4
ADVANTAGES OF PERCENTAGE BIASED
BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY - RADSS
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERISTIC OR

RATIOS, LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE.
OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME

CIRCUIT.
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
DTECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1-2ms AND INITIATES TRIPPING

WITHIN 5-7ms.
ABB India
BSP / KAK 5
T MD
n MD
ABB India
BSP / KAK 6
INTERPRETATION OF IMPORTANT EQUATIONS ARRIVED
ON ANALYSIS
1. FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS
OPERATING CURRENT Id1 = SIt3

SLOPE S = RS
ndRd3 + RS / 2
FOR EXTERNAL WITH ONE CT SATURATED

CRITERION FOR STABILITY
RL > S
1-S
FOR S = 0.8, RL = 1024 Ohms
ABB India
BSP / KAK 7
i.e,
OPERATING CURRENT FOR EXTERNAL FAULT VARIES

AS THROUGH FAULT CURRENT DOES, UNLIKE IN HIGH
IMPEDANCE RELAY.
SLOPE S IS PURELY FUNCTION OF CERTAIN CIRCUIT

PARAMETERS.
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CT LOOP RESISTANCE IS

MUCH HIGHER THAN CONVENTIONAL PROTECTIONS.
NO RESTRICTION PLACED ON MAX. FAULT CURRENT.
ABB India
BSP / KAK 8
2. INTERNAL FAULT
Id1 (min) = 0.092

1-S
SET S = 0.8 Id1 = 0.46 A
SENSITIVITY IS ADJUSTABLE.
OPERATES IN 1 - 2 ms BEFORE ANY CT CAN GO INTO

SATURATION.
ABB India
BSP / KAK 9
RADSS CHARACTERISTICS APPLYING TO EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FAULTS RELAY SLOPE S = 0.8
ABB India
BSP / KAK 10
700 A 200 A 500 A
1000/5 200/5 500/5
3.5 A 5A 5A
5/1 5/0.2 5/0.5

0.7 A 0.2 A 0.5 A
Diff. relay
ABB India RADSS IN SINGLE BUS

BSP / KAK 11
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALIZING ISOLATOR
ABB India
SINGLE ZONE DISCONNECTION UNIT
BSP / KAK 12
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALIZING BREAKER
ABB India CT DISCONNECTION UNIT

BSP / KAK 13
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH AUX. BUS & CT ON LINE SIDE
SINGLE BUS BAR SYSTEM WITH
AUX BUS & CT ON LINE SIDE
ABB India
BSP / KAK 14
USE OF DIRECTIONAL RELAY IN BC CIRCUIT FOR AUX. BUS SELECTIVITY
USE OF DIRECTIONAL RELAY IN BC CIRCUIT
FOR AUX BUS SELECTIVITY
ABB India
BSP / KAK 15
TYPE AB
ABB India
BSP / KAK 16
REQUIREMENTS ON THE ISOLATOR AUXILIARY CONTACTS
Isolator Aux. Contacts

should close before the
primary contact closes
ISOLATOR AUX CONTACTS
and open after the
SHOULD CLOSE BEFORE
primary contactTHE
opens.
PRIMARY CONTACT CLOSES
AND OPEN AFTER THE
PRIMARY CONTACT OPENS
ABB India
BSP / KAK 17
DOUBLE BUS
DOUBLE BAR SYSTEM
BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH TRANSFER
TRANSFERBUS
BUS
ABB India
BSP / KAK 18
APPLICATION OF RADSS TO ABC BUS CONFIGURATION
AUX CTs FOR RATIO CORRECTION
CHANGEOVER RELAYS FOR CT & TRIP CIRCUITS
SINGLE ZONE RECONNECTION UNIT TO CONNECT TWO

ZONES TO SINGLE ZONE WHEN BOTH BUSES ARE
INTERCONNECTED THROUGH ISOLATORS.
BUS COUPLER CT DISCONNECTION UNIT FOR FAULT

BETWEEN BUS COUPLER BREAKER AND CT
DIRECTIONAL RELAYS FOR FAULTS ON TRANSFER BUS
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS

ABB India
BSP / KAK 19
1- BREAKER SYSTEM
1 1/2 - BREAKER SYSTEM
ABB India
BSP / KAK 20
RADSS AND ITS REQUIREMENTS ON THE CTs
VARIOUS CT RATIOS
STANDARD CT CORES MAY BE USED
OTHER PROTECTIONS MAY BE CONNECT TO THE SAME

CT CORE
STANDARD CT PILOTWIRES MAY BE USED
ABB India
BSP / KAK 21
RADSS FEATURES
SHORT OPERATING TIME
STABLE FOR THROUGH FAULTS
VARIOUS CT-RATIOS
NORMAL CT CORES MAY BE USED
OTHER PROTECTIONS MAY BE CONNECTED TO SAME CT-CORE
ALARM FOR OPEN SECONDARY CIRCUIT
CHECK FEATURE IN THE FORM OF OVER CURRENT START
UNLIMITED NUMBER OF LINES
EASY COMMISSIONING
EASY ROUTINE TESTING
ABB India
BSP / KAK 22
PARAMETERS OF IMPORTANCE FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
- RADSS
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
CT RATIOS
RATED CURRENT AT BUSBAR
MINIMUM FAULT CURRENT
KNEEPOINT VOLTAGE OF THE CTs
TOTAL LOOP RESISTANCE

ABB India
BSP / KAK 23
TO ORDER
SPECIFY :
RADSS - LINES, 3 - PH, 1 - ZONE

NUMBER OF LINES : 6 OR 12, 18 OR 24L
SLOPE (S) : 0.5 OR 0.66 OR 0.8
START RELAY Id1 (SR) = 0.88 A (STANDARD)
Rd11 : 0 OR 136 OHMS (MAX)
AUXILIARY DC SUPPLY VOLTAGE
ORDERING NUMBER (IF AVAILABLE)
TYPE OF AUXILIARY CTs :
CURRENT RATIOS AND

TURNS RATIOS
ABB India
BSP / KAK 24
RADSS SETTINGS AND APPROXIMATE OPERATING VALUES
SLOPE (S) 0.5 0.66 0.8 0.85
Id min (A) 0.2 0.3 0.46 0.61
RLX (OHMS) 301 602 1204 1705
ABB India
BSP / KAK 25
CT KNEE POINT VOLTAGE REQUIREMENT
VOLTAGE REQUIRED TO CAUSE OPERATION OF SR RELAY

UT3 = Id1 (SR) (RdT + 28) + nd Vd3
= 0.88 (301 + 28) + 10 x 2 = 310 V
MINIMUM VK REQUIRED = 1.3 x 310 = APPROX. 400 V
MINIMUM VK OF MAIN CT REQUIRED

IA RL + UT3
nmA (RL = 5 Ohms)
= 0.88 x 1.3 x 1 x 5 + 400 x 0.325

0.325
= 17.6 + 130 = 147.6 V

ABB India
BSP / KAK 26
CALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONS FOR A TYPICAL
FOR A TYPICAL STATION
STATION
. Overall CT ratio 1200/1A

Total maximum incoming current 4000A
Maximum circulating current in the relay (IT3n) = 3.3A
This is less than max. permissible circulating current of the relay viz 4A.
ABB India
BSP / KAK 27
WITH S = 0.8 Id1 (SR) = 0.88
RdT = 165 + Rd11 = 165 + 136 = 301 Ohms
Id1 min = 0.46 A
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LOOP RESISTANCE ON CT SEC SIDE
= 1204 = 127 Ohms

(1/0.325)2
ABB India
BSP / KAK 28

RADSS

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Busbar protection relay -RADSS

HIGH SPEED PERCENTAGE RESTRAINT

BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION AND

ITS APPLICATION FOR DIFFERENT

NEED FOR BUS PROTECTION

IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARANCE TAKES PLACE IN

THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND

EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARANCE

GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.

INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENTS LIKE

HIGH IMPEDANCE BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

SETTING VR > IF ( RCT + 2 RL)

RCT FOR VR TO BE ZERO FOR

A. PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs

NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES.

B. INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT

BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 - 20 ms.

FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERISTIC OR

OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME

STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.

DTECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1-2ms AND INITIATES TRIPPING

OPERATING CURRENT Id1 = SIt3

FOR EXTERNAL WITH ONE CT SATURATED

OPERATING CURRENT FOR EXTERNAL FAULT VARIES

SLOPE S IS PURELY FUNCTION OF CERTAIN CIRCUIT

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CT LOOP RESISTANCE IS

NO RESTRICTION PLACED ON MAX. FAULT CURRENT.

Id1 (min) = 0.092

SET S = 0.8 Id1 = 0.46 A

OPERATES IN 1 - 2 ms BEFORE ANY CT CAN GO INTO

1000/5 200/5 500/5

5/1 5/0.2 5/0.5

ABB India RADSS IN SINGLE BUS

ABB India CT DISCONNECTION UNIT

Isolator Aux. Contacts

APPLICATION OF RADSS TO ABC BUS CONFIGURATION

AUX CTs FOR RATIO CORRECTION

CHANGEOVER RELAYS FOR CT & TRIP CIRCUITS

SINGLE ZONE RECONNECTION UNIT TO CONNECT TWO

BUS COUPLER CT DISCONNECTION UNIT FOR FAULT

DIRECTIONAL RELAYS FOR FAULTS ON TRANSFER BUS

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS

RADSS AND ITS REQUIREMENTS ON THE CTs

STANDARD CT CORES MAY BE USED

OTHER PROTECTIONS MAY BE CONNECT TO THE SAME

STANDARD CT PILOTWIRES MAY BE USED

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

RATED CURRENT AT BUSBAR

MINIMUM FAULT CURRENT

KNEEPOINT VOLTAGE OF THE CTs

TOTAL LOOP RESISTANCE

RADSS - LINES, 3 - PH, 1 - ZONE

TYPE OF AUXILIARY CTs :

CURRENT RATIOS AND

SLOPE (S) 0.5 0.66 0.8 0.85

Id min (A) 0.2 0.3 0.46 0.61

RLX (OHMS) 301 602 1204 1705

VOLTAGE REQUIRED TO CAUSE OPERATION OF SR RELAY

= 0.88 (301 + 28) + 10 x 2 = 310 V

MINIMUM VK REQUIRED = 1.3 x 310 = APPROX. 400 V

MINIMUM VK OF MAIN CT REQUIRED

= 0.88 x 1.3 x 1 x 5 + 400 x 0.325

= 17.6 + 130 = 147.6 V