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Buckling of Columns
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Discuss the behavior of
columns.
Discuss the buckling of
columns.
Determine the axial load
needed to buckle an ideal
column.
Analyze the buckling with
bending of a column.
Discuss inelastic buckling of a column.
Discuss methods used to design concentric and
eccentric columns.
2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd 1
13. Buckling of Columns
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1. Critical Load
2. Ideal Column with Pin Supports
3. Columns Having Various Types of Supports
4. *The Secant Formula
5. *Inelastic Buckling
6. *Design of Columns for Concentric Loading
7. *Design of Columns for Eccentric Loading
kL
P unstable equilibrium
4
2 200 106 kN/m 2 15.3 104 mm 4 1 m / 1000 mm 4
4 m 2
1887.6 kN
2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd 21
13. Buckling of Columns
EXAMPLE 13.2 (SOLN)
When fully loaded, average compressive stress in
column is Pcr 1887.6 kN1000 N/kN
cr
A 5890 mm 2
320.5 N/mm 2
Effective length
If a column is not supported by pinned-ends, then
Eulers formula can also be used to determine the
critical load.
L must then represent the distance between the
zero-moment points.
This distance is called the columns effective length,
L e.
Effective length
Effective length
Many design codes provide column formulae that
use a dimensionless coefficient K, known as thee
effective-length factor.
Le KL 13 - 10
Thus, Eulers formula can be expressed as
2 EI
Pcr 13 - 11
KL 2
2E
cr 13 - 12
KL r 2
Effective length
Here (KL/r) is the columns effective-slenderness
ratio.
Pcr x
2 EI x 2 200 106 kN/m 2 13.4 106 m 4
KL x
2
4 m 2
Pcr x 1653.2 kN
Pcr y
2 EI y
2 200 106 kN/m 2 1.83 106 m 4
KL y
2
2.8 m 2
Pcr y 460.8 kN
By comparison, buckling will occur about the y-y
axis.
cr
Pcr 460.8 103 N
150 . 6 N/mm 2
A 2
3060 m
Maximum deflection
Due to symmetry of loading, both maximum
deflection and maximum stress occur at columns
midpoint. Therefore, when x = L/2, = max, so
P L
max e sec 1 13 - 16
EI 2
Maximum deflection
Therefore, to find Pcr, we require
Pcr L
sec
EI 2
Pcr L
EI 2 2
2 EI
Pcr 2 13 - 17
L
Design
Once eccentricity ratio has been determined,
column data can be substituted into Eqn 13-19.
For max = Y, corresponding load PY is determined
from a trial-and-error procedure, since eqn is
transcendental and cannot be solved explicitly for
PY.
Note that PY will always be smaller than the critical
load Pcr, since Eulers formula assumes
unrealistically that column is axially loaded without
eccentricity.
2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd 41
13. Buckling of Columns
*13.4 THE SECANT FORMULA
IMPORTANT
Due to imperfections in manufacturing or application
of the load, a column will never suddenly buckle,
instead it begins to bend.
The load applied to a column is related to its
deflections in a nonlinear manner, so the principle of
superposition does not apply.
As the slenderness ratio increases, eccentrically
loaded columns tend to fail at or near the Euler
buckling load.
Pcr y
2 EI y
2 200 103 N/mm2 20.4 106 mm4
KL y
2
2800 mm 2
5136247 N 5136 kN