MECH4450 Introduction to Finite

Element Methods

Finite Element Analysis of Axi-symmetric

Problems, Thermoelastic Problems and 3-D
Problems
 Axi-symmetric Problems
Definition:
A problem in which geometry, loadings, boundary
conditions and materials are symmetric about one axis
(cylindrical symmetry).

Examples:
 Axi-symmetric Analysis
Cylindrical coordinates: r, , z
x r cos ; y r sin ; z z

quantities depend on r and z only

3-D problem 2-D problem
Axi-symmetric Analysis
Single-Variable Problem Heat Conduction

Heat Conduction:
1 T (r , z ) T (r , z )
rk k f (r , z ) 0
r r r z z

Weak form
w T w T
0 k k wf (r , z ) rdrdz
e
r r z z
wqn ds
e

T (r , z ) T (r , z )
where qn k nr k nz
r z
 Finite Element Model Heat Conduction

u u j j where j ( r , z ) j ( x, y )
j

Ritz method: w i
n
Weak form ij j i i
K e e

j 1
u f e
Q e

i j i j
where K
e
rdrdz
r r z z
ij
e

fi e frdrdz
e
i

Qie i qn ds
e
 3-Node Axi-symmetric Element

T (r , z ) T11 T22 T33

3

r2 z3 r3 z2
1
1 r z
1 z2 z3
2 Ae r r
3 2

r3 z1 r1 z3
2 2
1 r z z z
3 1
2 Ae r r
1 3

r1 z2 r2 z1
3
1 rz
z1 z2
2 Ae r r
2 1
 4-Node Axi-symmetric Element
h

T (r , z ) T11 T22 T33 T44

4 3
b
1 2 x h x h
x 1 1 1 2 1
a a b a b
z
xh x h
3 4 1
r ab ab
 Thermal Stress and Thermal Strain

Case 1
=0

= = =

Case 2 =

= =0

Thermal Stress and Thermal Strain Governing
Equations

Total Strain: P T

xx yy zz
Hookes Law: xx Tx
E E E
xx yy zz
yy Ty
E E E
xx yy zz
zz Tz
E E E
Strain-Deformation:
ux u y u
xx yy zz z
x y z
1 ux u y 1 u y uz 1 uz ux
xy
2 y x 2 z y 2 x z
yz zx
 Thermo-Elasticity Analysis
1
E 0 0 0
E E

x T 1


0 0 0 x
T E E E y
y
0
1
z T E
E E
0 0
z

yz 0 0 0
1
0 0 yz
xz G xz
1
0 xy
xy 0 0 0 0
G
1
0 0 0 0 0
G
E
G
Plane Stress Analysis 21 Plane Strain Analysis

E E 1 E E
0 0
x 1 2 1 2
x T x 1 1 2 1 1 2 x T

y
E E
0 y T E 1 E
0 y T

y
1 1 1 2 1 1 2
2
1 2
E xy
xy 0 0 xy E xy
2 1 0 0

2 1
Finite Element Model of Thermal Stress and
Thermal Strain 1-D Bar
Equilibrium in terms of displacement
d du( x ) d
E E T T0 f 0
dx dx dx

Example: =0 0 = 0
x

= 0 = 0 +

= 0 at = 0 = 0

L
dw du ~ du
L

Weak form: 0 E wf dx w E
0
dx dx dx 0

where f f
d
dx
E T T0
 Equations of Plane Thermo-Elasticity
Governing Equations
(Static Equilibrium)
Strain-Deformation
x xy
Constitutive Relation 0 (Small Deformation)
(Linear Elasticity) x y
xy y u v
0 x y
x C11 C12 0 x T x y x y

y C12 C 22 0 y T v u
0
xy
xy 0 C 33 xy x y

u v u v
11 C C C C C11 C12 T f x
x x y y y x x
12 33 33

C33 u C33 v C12 u C22 v C12 C22 T f y
x y x y x y y
Evaluation of Total Strain

x y x y
1 1 1 2 1
a b a b
x y x y
3 4 1
a b ab

u( x , y ) 1 u1 2 u2 3 u3 4 u4

v( x , y ) 1v1 2 v 2 3 v 3 4 v4

u
4

j
uj
x x j 1 x
4
v

y
y

y
j
v j
j 1
u v 4 j
xy
j

y x u v
j 1 y j x j
 Evaluation of Stresses
u1
v
1 y 1 y y y 1

a 1 0 1 0 0 0 u2
x b a b ab ab
1 x x x 1 x v 2

y 0 1 0 0 0 1
b a ab ab b a u3
xy
1 1 x 1 1 y
x 1
1
y x y 1 x
1
y v3
b a a b ab a b ab ab b a ab u
4
v
4

Plane Stress Analysis Plane Strain Analysis

E E 1 E E
0 0
x 1 2 1 2
x T x 1 1 2 1 1 2 x T

y
E E
0 y T E 1 E
0 y T

y
1 1 1 2 1 1 2
2
1 2
E xy
xy 0 0 xy E xy
2 1 0 0

2 1
 3-D Linear Elasticity
xx xy xz xx xy xz
yx yy yz

yx
yy yz
zx zy zz zx zy zz

Generalized Hookes Law

xx yy zz
xx
E E E
xx yy zz xy G xy yz G yz zx G zx
yy
E E E
xx yy zz
zz
E E E

Governing equations 2u 2 v 2w 2u 2u 2u
2 2 2 2 fx 0
x x y xz x y z
2u 2 v 2 w 2v 2v 2v
2 2 2 2 fy 0
xy y yz x y z
2u 2v 2 w 2w 2w 2w
2 2 2 2 fz 0
x z y z z x y z
Specification of Boundary Conditions

EBC: Specify displacement on

NBC: Specify traction on

t ( s) txi t y j tzk ;
t x xx nx xy n y xz nz ; t y yx nx yy n y yz nz ;
tz zx nx zy n y zz nz ;
 Tetrahedral Element

4
1

u( x, y, z ) 1u1 2u2 3u3 4u4

v( x, y, z ) 1v1 2v2 3v3 4v4

w( x, y, z ) w w w w
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

V1 V2 V3 V4
1 2 3 4
Ve Ve Ve Ve
Formulation of 4-Node Tetrahedral Element
Example: 1 = + + +

Interpolation property:

1 1 1 1 1
0 = 1 2 2 2
0 1 3 3 3
0 1 4 4 4

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 2 2 2 0
1 = 1
1 3 3 3 0
1 4 4 4 0
1
=

 8-Node Brick Element for 3-D Stress Analysis
8 7

5 6

4 3

1 2

u( x, y, z ) 1u1 2u2 3u3 4u4 5u5 6u6 7u7 8u8

v( x, y, z ) 1v1 2v2 3v3 4v4 5v5 6v6 7v7 8v8
w( x, y, z ) w w w w w w w w
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8

1 x y z 1 x y z 1 x y z 1 x y z
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
8 a b c 8 a b c 8 a b c 8 a b c
1 x y z 1 x y z 1 x y z 1 x y z
5 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 8 1 1 1
8 a b c 8 a b c 8 a b c 8 a b c
High-Order Elements for 3-D Stress Analysis
10-node tetrahedral element
3

4
1

8 7 20-node brick element

5 6

4 3

1 2