Practical Research 2:

The Nature of Inquiry and

Research
Quantitative Research Designs
VON CHRISTOPHER G. CHUA
von_christopher_chua@dlsu.edu.ph
 1. What are the differences between
quantitative and qualitative
research?
2. What are the strengths of
quantitative research? Its
weaknesses?
3. What are variables?
Lets look 4. How do we classify variables?
back
 A variable varies and has values. The values of
variables under study are the research data.

Are these variables? chair, shape of table, tweet,

shirt style. Classifying Variables
according to Scales of
Measure

Variables ORDINAL
NOMINAL
RATIO
INTERVAL
EQUAL
IDENTITY MAGNITUDE ABSOLUTE ZERO
INTERVALS
ACTIVITY ONE Daily Allowance

Which goes Availability of Internet

Connection
where?

Time
Temperature
AGE GRADE LEVEL GENDER
Test Score
Position in Student Government
Cellphone Brand
Height
Cellphone number
Class rank in the honor roll

Classify the variables at the right based on their likelihood to the

three others in the color-coded columns.
The Nature of Inquiry and Research
Our Learning Goals:
After this discussion, you are expected to have the ability to

describe characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of

quantitative research;
differentiate kinds of variables according to scales of measure;

and
contrast kinds of quantitative research.

This slideshow presentation will be made available through the trainers website:
mathbychua.weebly.com.
Download the document to use it as reference.
 Quantitative Research Designs

Manipulating
Studying Correla Experi conditions and
relationships tional mental studying effects
Non-
experimental
research
Descrip
Describing tive
characteristics
Quantitative Research Designs
Descriptive
TYPES
Research
This design aims to
Observational Survey research
describe systematically methods Case Studies designs involves
the facts and are used to Involves an in- administering a
document and depth study of an survey to a sample
characteristics of a describe animal individual or a or the entire
given population or and human small group of population of
area of interest, behavior in a individuals people to describe
natural or artificial the attitudes,
factually and environment. opinions,
accurately behaviors, or
characteristics of
the population
 Survey research TYPES
designs

Cross-sectional survey is used Longitudinal survey designs

Use it when when the researcher collects involves the survey
Describing trends data at one point in time. The procedure of collecting data
Determining purpose is to examines current about trends with the same
individual opinions attitudes, beliefs, opinions, or population, changes in a
about policy practices cohort group or
issues subpopulation, or changes in a
Identifying Compare two or more groups panel group of the same
important beliefs in terms of attitudes, beliefs, individuals over time.
and attitudes of opinions, or practices.
individuals
Evaluates a program.
 Examples of Research Questions for
Descriptive Research

What are the sleeping

habits of SHS students What do teenagers
in DLSAU? consider when buying a
new phone? What is the level of
What factors affected marketability of
the SHS track choice of What are the most personalized phone
SHS students? common stressors that cases on DLSAU
affect professors? students?
Quantitative Research Designs
Correlational TYPES
Research
Explanatory research Prediction research
design determines the design seeks to
aims to describe and extent to which two identify variables that
measure the degree variables (or more) co- will predict an
of association vary. outcome or criterion.
between two or Co-vary means to predict Variables can be the
more variables or a score on one variable predictor variable or
sets of scores. with knowledge about the criterion variable.
the individuals score on
another variable.
 Examples of Research Questions for
Correlational Research

Does wearing school

uniform have any
relationship with Does mathematical Is there a relationship
students ability to competence have any between a students
participate in class? relationship with a attitude towards
persons willingness to research and his/her
Is there a relationship do business? real world problem
between phone brand solving skills?
and Facebook usage
among teens?
Quantitative Research Designs
Experimental
Research Variables that cause
change in the subject.
Independent
An experiment tests an variable
idea to determine whether
it influences an outcome.
Used when the researcher
wants to establish possible Dependent
cause and effect between variable Variables that bear or
variables. manifest the effects
caused by the
independent variable.
 Experimental TYPES
Research Designs

In true experiments, the Quasi-experiments include

researcher randomly assigns assignment, but not random
participants to different assignment of participants to
conditions of the experimental groups.
variable.
EG: O1 x O2
EG: R O1 x O2 CG: O1 x O2
Experimental group
CG: R O1 x O2
(treatment group)
post-test
pretest
Control group treatment
(non-treatment group)
Randomization
(assigning individuals
randomly to groups)
 Examples of Research Questions for
Experimental Research

Does the use of audio-

visuals in class have any
effect on students Does a meme-based ad
memory? on social media improve
a products name recall
Does playing indie pop as compared to an
music improve students ordinary ad?
ability to solve Math Can peer counseling
problems while in class? improve a persons
school anxiety?
ACTIVITY ONE Internet availability at home and students
Determine the average sleeping time at night
Social media involvement and practices of
design Grade 12 HUMSS students
The effect of the use of <a local packaging
material> on the shelf life of a product.
The marketability of <innovative
product> to SHS students.
Children of single parents and their level
of Math anxiety.
ACTIVITY TWO As a group, decide on a topic of interest for your
Quest for research.

Questions For the next 10 minutes, come up with at least three

research questions, one for each quantitative
research design based on that topic and relevant to
your SHS track.
Present your groups ideas to the rest of the class by
sharing why your group thinks the question is
interesting and how you see the group doing it.

Be creative. No idea is crazy.

The more innovative the idea, the better.