Geometrical Interpretation and

Applications of Eigen Values

and Eigen Vectors
Av = v
(A I) v = 0
Some Typical Examples
0 -1 x
A1 = , X =

-1 0 y
-y
A1 X =

-x
Some Typical Examples
y

x
Some Typical Examples
y

x
Some Typical Examples
y

q
x
W
Some Typical Examples
Rotation y

q
x
W
Some Typical Examples
-1 0 x
A2 = , X =

0 -1 y
-x
A2 X =

- y
Some Typical Examples
y

x
Some Typical Examples
y

x
Some Typical Examples
y

q
x
W
Some Typical Examples
Reflection y
about the
origin

q
x
W
Some Typical Examples
1 0 x
A3 = , X =

0 -1 y
x
A3 X =

- y
Some Typical Examples
y

x
Some Typical Examples
y

x
Some Typical Examples
y

x
q cosq =
x x +y
2 2

W x
cosW =
x2 + y2
Some Typical Examples
Reflection y
about the x -
axis

x
q cosq =
x x +y
2 2

W x
cosW =
x2 + y2
Some Typical Examples
-1 0 x
A4 = , X =

0 1 y
Reflection -x
about the y - A4 X =

axis y
Some Typical Examples
3 0 x
A5 = , X =

0 3 y
3x
Magnificatio A5 X =

n 3y
Some Typical Examples
0.3 0 x
A6 = , X =

0 0.3 y
0.3x
Compression A6 X =

0.3y
Some Typical Examples
3 0 x
A6 = , X =

0 4 y
3x
Stretching A6 X =

4y
Co-ordinate Systems
Co-ordinate Systems
Co-ordinate Systems

x
3x + 2y = 0
y
x - 4y = 0

3 2 x
=
1 -4 y
3x + 2 y
=
x - 4 y

Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

0 -1
A1 =
-1 0
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
What are the
eigen values of
the matrix?

0 -1 What are the

A1 = eigen vectors?
-1 0
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

-1 0
A2 =
0 -1
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
What are the
eigen values of
the matrix?

-1 0 What are the

A2 = eigen vectors?
0 -1
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
6 -3 2
B = , X =
4 -1 3
3
BX =
5
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
6 -3 2
B = , X = y
4 -1 3
3
BX =
5
x
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
y

x
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
y

x
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
y

x
Applications
Analysis of earthquake response on the structure of a
building
Taller Buildings in the foreground stand
erect whereas shorter buildings collapse
in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake

(Source:geo-mexico.com)
Applications
Analysis of earthquake response on the structure of a
building

( )
m1x1 = -k1 x1 + k2 x2 - x1

m x = -k ( x - x ) + k ( x - x )
2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2

m x = -k ( x - x )
3 3 3 3 2

MX = KX
Applications
Analysis of earthquake response on the structure of a
building
MX = KX
X = Ae lt
MAl 2e lt = KAe lt
Al 2e lt = M -1KAe lt
(M -1
) lt
K - l I Ae = 0
2
Applications
Analysis of predator prey model
dx
= 2x - 3y
dt
dy
= x -2y
dt
dX
= BX
dt
X = Ae lt
(B - l I )Ae lt = 0
Applications
To measure the importance of a website Page rank
Algorithm

Eigenvalues of a graph are used to describe the

topological structure of a graph

Stability of a dynamical system

Stability of numerical methods

Coding
Applications
Quantum Chemistry Energy level in some molecules
are the eigenvalues of the graph representing the
structure of the molecule

Markov matrices Stable opinion