HISTORY

OF

SCIENCE
And
Technology
SCIENCE
 Latin

SCIre
to know
Science
 Science

Natural formal social

 Timeline of science history
376 1543

2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 2000

 Timeline of science history
376 1543

2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 2000

Ancient world Middle ages Modern world

 Ancient world
Super 376
ancient years ago

Agriculture
Mathematics
Astronomy Pythagorean
Heliocentric
Maize theorem
theory
domestication
Geocentric Theory
pythagoras,
Aristarchus
Southern 570-495
ofmexico,
samos,
Aristotle, al. bcbc bc
310-230
et7000
Linguistics
Metallurgy
Medical Science
Alchemy
 Middle ages

376 AD
Rise of the Islamic 1543 AD

world
622 AD 1429 AD
Alchemy and Chemistry
Arabic numerals
Mathematics Precursor to optics
Physics AndExperimental
newtons lawmedicine
of motion
Biology and Medicine BOTANY
zoology
 Middle ages

376 AD 1543 AD

Aristotelian influence
Biology
Medicine
Psychology
Philosophy
Physics?
 modern world

1543 AD Present time

Scientific revolution
Astronomy
Collapse
Dissection optics
of of alchemy
human
Heliocentrism corpse
Biology and Medicine Copernicus,Vesalius
Galileo & newton
electricity
Chemistry Gravitation
Physics LawsNewtonof motion
End of the Aristotelian physics
 modern world

1543 AD Present time

Late modern
More Scientific Breakthrough
E = MC
Medical research
Development of new mechanical
devices
And many more
WHY?
LEARN
question
appreciate
HIST RY
TECHN LOGY
Fernandez, Rubie Mae D.
Definition
technology (noun)
-branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means
drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, etc.
Etymology
technology (noun)

from the Greek word tekhnologia meaning systematic treatment

first used on early 17th century

Why the history of technology is important?
It teaches us how creative people acquire knowledge about the world and apply it
to serve human needs.
Why the history of technology is important?
It reminds us of the limits of our knowledge.
Why the history of technology is important?
It is the window into human progress.
History
Technological artifacts are:
products of a societys economy,
a force for economic growth, and
a large part of everyday life.

Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a

society's cultural traditions.
Why? How?
The invention of tools and techniques is evidence of a societys ability to solve
problems that were encountered in every day life.
Early Civilizations And Tools
Societies advance when their technologies advance.
Main time periods or ages when tools were the main technological development
 Stone Age
 Bronze Age
 Iron Age
The Stone Age
The first tool-makers!
2 million - 10,000 years ago
The Stone Age
Why did they need tools?
Man had to get smart to survive!
Humans do not have strong claws to help them fight.
**They could not outrun saber-toothed tigers or cave lions.
The Stone Age
How did they live?
They followed food sources, and set up camp as needed. They sheltered under cliffs, whenever
possible.
They made basic stone tools and weapons.
They ate wild fruits, roots, nuts and vegetables.
They formed small groups for protection and efficiency, the size of the group depending on the
amount of food available.
The Stone Age
Since they have no fire-making skills, they had to wait until they found
something burning from natural causes, set aflame, for example, from a
lightning strike.
The Stone Age
A campfire had to be carefully watched, because if the fire went out, they did
not know how to start it again.
200,000 years later Man learns to
make fire.
FIRE
The Paleolithic Age
The Old Stone age
(Gr. palaios - old & lithos - stone).

Time period:
500,000 - 10,000 BC (490,000 years)

Impacts on History:
Improved diet and enhanced security enabled early humans to increase in population.

Artifacts:
Stone axes, bone needles, and hearth sites
The Mesolithic Age
The Middle Stone age
(Gr. mesos - middle & lithos - stone).

Time period:
10,000 BC- 4,000 BC: 6,000years.
Impacts on History:
Gradual domestication of animals and agriculture led to settled communities.
Artifacts:
Leatherwork, fishing tackle, stone circles
The Neolithic Age
The New Stone age
(Gr. neos - new & lithos - stone).

Time period:
4,000 BC- 2,300 BC: 1,700 years.

Impacts on History:
Dependable year-round food supply enables division of labor and specializations that spurs
invention.
Artifacts:
Spinning/weaving tools, stone plows, sickles
BRONZE AGE
The Stone Age developed into the Bronze Age after radical changes in agricultural technology which included:
development of agriculture (people began to grow crops)
domestication (people began to raise animals)
adoption of permanent settlements (people began to stay in one area)
BRONZE AGE
Mining, smelting, and casting became organized efforts.
BRONZE AGE
Tools
IRON AGE
tools were stronger and cheaper to make than bronze equivalents.
development of written language
development of coin system
IRON AGE
Tools
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
Ancient Egypt
The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp
to aid construction processes.
Building Pyramids
INVENTIONS
Gold extraction by large-scale mining using fire-setting
First recognizable map.
Egyptian paper, made from papyrus
Pottery, mass produced and exported throughout the Mediterranean basin.
 Mummification Tools
indicate an advanced understanding of human
anatomy.

Ships
Ancient Egyptians built ferries to
cross bodies of water.
Chariots
Used by the elite members of society and the
military. Paved roads made the use of chariots more
efficient.
Ancient India

Seafaring technology - vividly

described in an ancient Indian text on
Shipbuilding.

Use of vegetable dyes, cultivating plants

including indigo and cinnabar, for art and
sculpture.
Ancient India

Indian construction and architecture

Perfumes
Ancient India
Other Notable Inventions
Ruler
Cotton clothes
Zero
Decimal system
Plastic surgery
Astronomy
Meteorology
Mathematics
Drainage
Ancient China
Ancient China
Magnetic Compass
invented during the Qin Dynasty.
first used in Feng Shui
1000 AD navigational compasses on ships
Ancient China
Crops in Rows
Invented in the 6th century BC
Increase growing time and crop size
Allowed crops to grow larger
Allowed wind through the crops
The Winnowing Fan
Invented in the 2nd century BC
Separated husks and stalks from grain
Ancient China
Farming Related Inventions

Wheelbarrow
Iron Plow
Invented in the 4th century BC Invented in the 1st century
Had a strong square frame BC
Allowed people to carry more
Had an adjustable strut
Ancient China
Farming Related Inventions

Yoke
A stick worn across the
shoulders
Had baskets attached to
each end
Allowed people to carry
more
Ancient China
Military Inventions

Gun Powder Yo-yo

Flame Thrower First invented as
Invented as an elixir
sprays a continuous stream weapon, then toy
for immortality of flame into the opposing
Made wars less army
painful loaded onto ship decks to
shoot at the enemy ships
Ancient Greece

The Greeks invented the crane.

In Greek Architecture, they invented

The Greeks invented dice. arches and columns.
Ancient Greece
Military Invention

Catapult

could throw 300 pound stones

at walls and buildings
Its not faith
in technology.
Its faith on
people.
-Steve Jobs
 GOVERNMENT

EDUCATION
INFLUENCE of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

COMMUNICATION

FAMILY AND
COMMUNITY
 INFLUENCE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN GOVERNMENT
Military Defense
Health and Safety
EDUCATION
 Education
Changes:
From classroom to E-
learning classroom

From Books to Web

Role of Teachers

Role of Learners
Education
Classroom Style

TYPICAL
Isolated
CLASSROOM

Limited Collaboration

Chalk and board

 Education
E - CLASSROOM
Opened for more
collaboration

No barriers

New model of education

Education
SAGE ON THE STAGE

Primary source of
information TEACHER
Guide

Passively Receivers STUDENTS

Responsible for own
learning
Education
Gathering Information

BOOKS Rare

Expensive

Found in the library

Education

Education anywhere
WEB
Multiple reliable
sources

Instant access
Positive and Negative Impacts of
Technology

?
??
 POSITIVE EFFECTS
Increase Motivation
Cool Factor
Learning at Own Pace
New Resources
New Tools Available
 NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Distracting
Repeating without Learning
Less Distraction
Virtual World
COMMUNICATION
 COMMUNICATION
POSITIVE INFLUENCE

PERSONAL TASKS

DAY TO DAY BANKING

SOCIALIZING
OPERATIONS

PAYING BILLS
COMMUNICATION

POSITIVE IMPACTS

1. Fast and easy access

2. More productive
3. Speed and accessibility can only
lead to productivity.
COMMUNICATION

SOCIAL INFLUENCE
 COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION Communicating a large number of people
COMMUNICATION

Long Distance Communication

COMMUNICATION

Twist
Technology has revolutionized the way people
communicate, linking humans in a real-time
network across the globe.
However,
it has also changed communication in many
ways, and some of them are not for the better.
 COMMUNICATION
Privacy Issues
Another potential hazard of
communicating via
technology is a lack of
privacy.
Communications you send
over the Internet may be
insecure, allowing third
parties to read email
conversations or intercept
instant messages
 COMMUNICATION

Dehumanization and Depersonalization

Allowing users to explore and communicate

without having to give away their personal
details.
Unfortunately, also lead to users behaving in
ways completely different than they would in a
face-to-face conversation.
 COMMUNICATION

Social Isolation
Technology can create
elaborate social
networks online, but
these can unexpectedly
lead to social isolation.
 Social Isolation
According to Slate, polling suggests the
number of adults who describe
themselves as "lonely" has doubled
since 1980, and that spending more time
online with social networks can
actually have an adverse effect on a
user's happiness level.
Family and Community
Family and Community

Impacts
Industrial Revolutions
Lost of family bonding or family ties
Man vs. Machine
History of Science and
Technology in the
Philippines
 Stone Age

Batangas

About 48,000 B.C

Palawan
 Adzes
Ornaments
of
Seashells
and
Pottery
Copper

Bronze

Iron

Gold
 The Iron Age lasted from there third century B.C. to
11th century A.D. During this period Filipinos were
engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron
from ores, until the importation of cast iron from
Sarawak and later from China.
 Inventions/Discoveries

They learn to weave cotton, make glass

ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike
fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in
mountain regions.
They also learned to build boats for trading
purposes.
Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built
warships called caracoa suited for interisland
trade raids.
 Trading

The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu

(Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls,
coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and
medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for
porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored
glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and
tin.
 Before the Spaniards

Filipinos were already engage in activities and practices

related to science forming primitive or first wave technology.
They were curative values of some plant on how to extract
medicine from herbs. They had an alphabet, a system of
writing, a method of counting and weights and measure.
They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of
the moon and from one harvest to another.
 Spanish Regime
Development of Hospitals San
Juan Lazaro Hospital the oldest in the Far East was
founded in 1578.

17th and 18th Century

Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the
galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to
economic depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th
century.
 Spanish Regime

The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de

Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco y Vargas in
1780 encouraged research in agriculture and industry. The
society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and
silk industry.

In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an

era of increase in export of rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo,
and imports of manufacturing goods.
 Spanish Regime
The 19th Century
In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a
royal degree to reform the existing educational
system.

In 1871 the school of medicine and

pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it
had granted the degree of Licenciado en
Medicina to 62 graduates.
 Spanish Regime

The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master degree

was granted Bachelors degree in pharmacy to its
1st six graduates who included Leon Ma.
Guerrero considered was the father of Philippine
Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal Plants of
the Philippines.
There were no school for engineering but they
offered nautical four year course for pilot of
merchant marine that includes the subject:
 Arithmetic
Algebra
Geometry
Trigonometry
Physics
Hydrography
Meteorology
Navigation
 Spanish Regime

Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as

encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus only few
daring students were able to undertake higher studies.

The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of the
19th century led to the rapid development of Manila as
cosmopolitan center. Modern amenities such as steam
tramways, waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking
system were introduce in 19th century.
Thank you!