Transportation

Oxygen and CO2

Nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to body cells
Hormones from endocrine glands to other body cells.
blood also transports heat and waste products to various organs for
elimination from the body.
Regulation
maintain homeostasis of all body fluids
Blood helps regulate pH through the use of buffers
it also helps adjust body temperature through the heat absorbing and
coolant properties of the water
Protection
Blood can clot (become gel-like),
white blood cells protect against disease by carrying on phagocytosis
Immunity
 Blood is denser and more viscous (thicker) than water and feels
slightly sticky
Temperature: 38 C (100.4F)
slightly alkaline: pH 7.35 to 7.45.
Color:
saturated with oxygen bright red.
Deoxygenated dark red
Volume:
Male: 5-6 L
Female 4-5 L
8% of bodys weight
Fluid Compartments of the Body
Intracellular
Extracellular
Insterstitium
Blood vessels
 Two main components:
blood plasma
a watery liquid extracellular matrix that contains dissolved
substances (55%)
formed elements
which are cells and cell fragments(45%)
99% - RBC
 RBC
Male : 5.2 6.5m/mm3
Female : 4.5 5.5m/mm3
Hematocrit (HCT) percentage of blood, viscosity
Male: 42-52%
Testosterone can stimulate synthesis of erythropoeitin
Female: 37-47%
Dehydration = Increase in HCT %, Decrease blood volume
Bloated = Decrease in HCT % Increase blood volume
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
(Determines how much inflammation is in the body)
Hallmark: Inflammation
Male: <15mm/hr
Female: <25mm/hr
 Hemoglobin
Male:16mg/dL
Female: 14mg/dL
WBC
5-10 T/mm3
Decreased: Poor protection
Increased: Infection
Platelets
150T-400T/mm3
Decreased: Internal bleeding (Thrombocytopenia S/Sx):
Epistaxis
Petechiae
Echymosis
Bleeding time:
1-6 minutes
Clotting time:
6-10 minutes
 Albumin most Abundant protein in the plasma
Fibrinogen Clotting factor
Globulin Immunoglobulin (Ig) G A M E D
G Crosses the placenta
A Body fluids
M Food Antigen
E Allergic reaction
IgE attaches to Basophil> explodes> releases Histamine
Histamine> causes vasodilation of blood vessels
Histamine> causes bronchial constriction
D activation B-cells, produced by bone marrow
 Life span: 120 days
Formation of RBC, Erythropoiesis
Deprivation of oxygen causes the hormone,
erythropoietin to produce RBC.
From the kidneys 90%
liver 10%
Blood formation- Hematopoiesis
Infants In the middle of gestation the liver is the primary
producer of RBCs
Adult bone marrow
 Erythrocyte - anuclear (Mature RBC)
Biconcave
Strong membrane
Designed to be small to fit through the smallest arteries.
Nutrients required to created RBCs:
B 12 vitamin
Iron
MC substance deficiency in anemia.
F Folic acid