GEOMETRY 1

LINES, RAYS AND ANGLES

 POINT

LINE

LINE SEGMENT

RAY
SOURCE: http://www.kidsnewsroom.org/elmer/infocentral/geometry/Lines.html
 PARALLEL LINES

PERPENDICULAR LINES

ANGLE
COMPLEMENTARY angles

B
A

<A + <B = 90
SUPPLEMENTARY angles

A B

<A + <B = 180

 Parallel Lines

1 2
34
56
7 8

CORRESPONDING ANGLES : 1and 5 ; 2 and 6; 3 and 7; 4 and 8

ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES : 3 and 6; 4 and 5
ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES : 1and 8 ; 2 and 7
Exercise:

1 2
34
56
7 8

If <1 = 148, find the remaining

values of other angles.
TRIANGLES
Equilateral
Isosceles

Scalene

Right
PROPERTY 1:
Exercise:
C

75
80
7 7

A 50 B 80

A = 50 B = 52.5 C = 20
 PROPERTY 2:

A C
A < B+C
B < A+C
A C B C < A+B

B
 Pythagorean Triples
Sets of possible measurement of triangles sides which
satisfies the Pythagorean theorem.
3,4,5

5,12,13

7,24,25

8,15,17

9,40,41

11,60,61

20,21,29

***Pythagorean triples
Exercise:

LENGTHS OF THE SIDES ANSWERS

3, 4, 5 Possible!
10, 21, 7 Not possible!
38, 9, 12 Not possible!

5, 12, 13 Possible!
1, 5, 0 Not possible!
PROPERTY 3:

b
<a + <b + <c = 180

c a
PROPERTY 4:

Remote angles: c and b

Exterior angle: d
b
<d = <c + <b

c a d
Exercise: Find x.

x = 145 x = 25

35 x x 155

70
x = 160

x
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

b C = A + B
C
A

c a
B
SOH CAH - TOA

b
C
A
c a
B

sin a = opposite / hypotenuse = A/C

cos a = adjacent / hypotenuse = B/C
tan a = opposite / adjacent = A/B
 SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES

b
C
A
c a
B
30-60-90 45-45-90
Smaller leg = C Each leg = C * sqrt(2)
Longer leg = C *sqrt(3)
 Exercise:
b
C
A
c a
B

1. What is C if sin a = 3/8? 1. 8

2. What is A if cos b = 7/9? 2. 7
3. What is C if tan a = ? 3. 5
4. What is B if sin a = 6/13? 4. Sqrt (133)
QUADRILATERALS
Note:
Diagonal line segment joining two
nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon
 Parallelogram
Opposite sides are parallel and congruent
Opposite angles are congruent
Any pair of consecutive angles are
supplementary
Rhombus
Parallelogram having all sides congruent
Diagonals are perpendicular bisector to each
other
 Rectangle
Diagonals are in equal length
All four angles measures 90

Square
A rhombus and a rectangle
Diagonals form four isosceles triangles

Trapeziod
Only one pair of sides are parallel
SIMILARITY
 Same shape

Corresponding angles are congruent

Corresponding sides are proportional

 Ratio of the areas: SQUARE of the linear ratio
of the corresponding sides, radius, etc.

Ratio of the volumes: CUBE of the linear ratio

of the corresponding sides, radius, diagonal,
etc
POLYGONAL PROPERTIES
Polygon with n sides

Number of all diagonals that can be

drawn = n(n-3)
Sum of the interior angles = 180(n-2)

Measure if each angle =180- (360/n)

Sum of exterior angles = 360