The Trigonometric Functions

What about angles greater than 90? 180?

The trigonometric functions are defined in terms of a
point on a terminal side
r is found by using the Pythagorean Theorem:

r x y 2 2
The 6 Trigonometric Functions of
angle are:

y
sin
r r
sin csc , y0
y
cos
r
sec , x 0
x
x
tan , x0 cot , y 0
y
The Trigonometric Functions
The trigonometric values do not depend
on the selected point the ratios will be
the same:
First Quadrant:

sin = +
cos = +
tan = +
csc = +
sec = +
cot = +
Second Quadrant:

sin = +
cos = -
tan = -
csc = +
sec = -
cot = -
Third Quadrant:
y
sin = -
cos = -
tan = +
x
csc = -
sec = -
cot = +
Fourth Quadrant:

y
sin = -
cos = +
tan = -
x
csc = -
sec = +
cot = -
All Star Trig Class
Use the phrase All Star Trig Class to
remember the signs of the trig functions in
different quadrants:
Star All
Sine is positive All functions
are positive

Trig Class
Tan is positive Cos is positive
So, now we know the signs of the trig
functions, but what about their values?...

The value of any trig function of an angle

is equal to the value of the
corresponding trigonometric function of
its reference angle, except possibly for
the sign. The sign depends on the
quadrant that is in.
Reference Angles
The reference angle, , is the angle between the
terminal side and the nearest x-axis:
All Star Trig Class
Use the phrase All Star Trig Class to
remember the signs of the trig functions in
different quadrants:
Star All
Sine is positive All functions
are positive

Trig Class
Tan is positive Cos is positive
Quadrantal Angles
(terminal side lies along an axis)
 Trig values of quadrantal angles:

0 90 180 270 360

sin 0 1 0 1 0
cos 1 0 1 0 1
tan 0 undefined 0 undefined 0
cot undefined 0 undefined 0 undefined

sec 1 undefined 1 undefined 1

csc undefined 1 undefined 1 undefined
Trigonometric Identities

Reciprocal Identities Quotient Identities

1
sin x sin x
csc x tan x
cos x
1
cos x
sec x cos x
cot x
1 sin x
tan x
cot x
Trigonometric Identities

Pythagorean Identities
The fundamental Pythagorean
identity:
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1
Divide the first by sin2x : 1 cot x csc x
2 2

Divide the first by cos2x : tan x 1 sec x

2 2