Kuliah 9a:

ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF

PENGENALAN

Azizi Che Seman

Jabatan Syariah & Ekonomi
Akademi Pengajian Islam
Universiti Malaya
azizi@um.edu.my
azizics@gmail.com
03-79676087
 Analisis Data Kuantitatif
Quantification of data
Univariate Analysis
Subgroup Comparisons
Bivariate Analysis
Introduction to Multivariate Analysis

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Developing Code Categories
Two basic approaches:
Beginning with a coding scheme derived
from the research purpose.
Generate codes from the data.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Codebook Construction
Purposes:
Primary guide used in the coding
process.
Guide for locating variables and
interpreting codes in the data file during
analysis.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Entering Data
Data entry specialists enter the data into
an SPSS data matrix or Excel
spreadsheet.
Optical scan sheets.
Part of the process of data collection.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Quantitative Analysis
Univariate - simplest form,describe a
case in terms of a single variable.
Bivariate - subgroup comparisons,
describe a case in terms of two variables
simultaneously.
Multivariate - analysis of two or more
variables simultaneously.
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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Univariate Analysis
Describing a case in terms of the
distribution of attributes that comprise
it.
Example:
Gender - number of women, number of
men.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Presenting Univariate Data
Goals:
Provide reader with the fullest degree of
detail regarding the data.
Present data in a manageable from.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Subgroup Comparisons
Describe subsets of cases, subjects or
respondents.
Examples
"Collapsing" response categories.
Handling "don't knows."

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Bivariate Analysis
Describe a case in terms of two variables
simultaneously.
Example:
Gender
Attitudes toward equality for men and
women

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Constructing Bivariate Tables
Divide cases into groups according to the
attributes of the independent variable.
Describe each subgroup in terms of
attributes of the dependent variable.
Read the table by comparing the
independent variable subgroups in terms
of a given attribute of the dependent
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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Multivariate Analysis
Analysis of more than two variables
simultaneously.
Can be used to understand the
relationship between two variables more
fully.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
ISTILAH-ISTILAH PENTING
 Quantitative analysis
Numerical representation and
manipulation of observations for the
purpose of describing and explaining the
phenomena that those observations
reflect.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Codebook
Document that describes the locations of
variables and lists the assignments of
codes to the attributes composing those
variables.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Univariate analysis
Describes a case in terms of a single
variable - the distribution of attributes
that comprise it.

Frequency distribution
Description of the number of times that
the various attributes of a variable are
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observed in a sample.
Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Average
Measure of central tendency.

Mean
Result of diving the sum of the values by
the total number of cases.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Mode
The most frequently occurring attribute.

Median
Middle attribute in the ranked
distribution of observed attributes.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Dispersion
Refers to the way values are distributed
around some central value.

Standard deviation
Index of the amount of variability in a
set of data.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Continuous variable
Increases steadily in tiny fractions.

Discrete variable
Jumps from category to category
without intervening steps.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Bivariate analysis
Analysis of two variables
simultaneously. Focus is on the variables
and the empirical relationships.

Contingency tables
Values of the dependent variable are
contingent on values of the independent
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variable.
Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman
 Multivariate analysis
Analysis of more than two variables
simultaneously.

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Metodologi Penyelidikan ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF: PENGENALAN Azizi Che Seman