tLrk /kkrq dk mRiknu

Hkkjr esa cnyrk ifjn`;

eqthc mn~nhu fln~nhdh

mi&[kfut vFkZkkL=h vklwpuk
t;iky iMksys
lgk;d [kfut vFkZkkL=h vklwpuk
tLrk ,d :igyh uhyh lqjebZ jax dh /kkrq gSA
bldk xyukad 419.50C gS tks vU; /kkrqvksa ds
eqdkcys dkQh de gSA
bldk DoFkukad 9070C gS vkSj 917 0C ds rkieku ij
;g okfir gks tkrk gSA
;g rkack ;k ,Y;qfefu;e dh rqyuk esa de dBksj
gSA vr% kq) :i ls bldk iz;ksx stressed application
esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
;g vR;f/kd kq) :i ls Hkaxqj gksrk gS vkSj 1000C
rkieku ij bls vU; :i esa <kyk tkrk gSA
tLrk vU; /kkrqvksa ds lkFk feydj feJ /kkrqvksa
ds :i esa iz;ksx gksrk gSA
 tLrk mRiknu dk orZeku ifjn`;

foo ds vusd nskksa esa tLrk dk mRiknu gksrk

gS ftuesa izeq[k nsk gS
China, Australia, Peru, Mexico, Kazakhstan and Bolivia

bu nskksa esa foo ds dqy tLrk mRiknu dk 67.21%

tLrs dk mRiknu gksrk gSA
Hkkjr esa foo ds dqy mRiknu dk 1% tLrs dk
mRiknu gksrk gSA

foo ds dqy mRikfnr tLrs dk 95% tLrk flotation }kjk

izkIr lkU/kz (concentrates) }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

tLrk mRiknu dk flowchart
 okZ 2013-14 esa foo esa dqy tLrk /kkrq dk
mRiknu 13.12 million Vu gqvk gS ftldk 0.77 million
Vu Hkkjr }kjk mRikfnr fd;k tkrk gS
Hkkjr esa dsoy nks gh mRiknd gS ,d HZL gS
tks [kfut v;Ld ls tLrk cukrs gS
nwljk BZL gS tks vk;kfrr lkanz ls tLrs dk
mRiknu djrs gSA
bu nksuksas dh mRiknu {kerk 9 Vu gSA tLrk
mRiknu dk ,d cM+k L=ksr tLrs scrap dk
iquZp.k gS
;g vius vki esa ,d cM+k m|ksx] iquZp.k }kjk
tLrs dh mRiknu fof/k bl ys[k esa lekfgr ugha dh
tk ldrh vr% ;g fok; ;gh NksM+k tkrk gSA
 tLrk mRiknu dk bfrgkl
Hkkjr esa tLrk mRiknu dk bfrgkl rdjhcu 1700 lky
iqjkuk gSA
Hkkjr tLrk mriknu esa foo dk izFke nsk gSA
blds izek.k vkt Hkh jktLFkku esa] mn;iqj ds fudV
tkoj {ks= ds fudV ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
fjVkVZ dh cuh gqbZ
nhokjsa
gky esa fczfVk E;wft;e] cM+ksnk foofo|
ky; vkSj HZL ds la;qDr iz;kl ls tkoj {ks= esa
ml le; dh Smelting HkfVV;ksa dh [kkst
dh gS ftuesa tLrs dk mRiknu gksrk gSA

ASM International us tkoj {ks= esa blls

lacaf/kr ,d Qyd dh LFkkiuk dh gSA

tLrk /kkrq mRiknu dk fyf[kr izek.k

loZizFke vFkZkkL= esa feyrk gSA
lR;okgu le; ds izfl) ukxktqZu jfpr
jl&jRukdj esa tLrk mRiknu ds izkekf.kd
izek.k feyrs gSA
jl&jRukdj xzaFk ftls pkSFkh lnh bZ-oh- esa
lR;okgu le; ds izfl) _fk ukxktqZu us fy[kk
FkkA mlesa ihry vkSj tLrk /kkrq ds mRiknu dh
lEiw.kZ fof/k dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
vkbus vdcjh ftls vdcj ds ukSjRuksa esa ls
vcqy Qty vkSj QSth us fy[kk mUgksausa tkoj
esa :g&;s&rwfr;k ds mRiknu dk mYys[k fd;k
gSA
fo|kuksa dk ;g ekuuk gS fd ;g :g&;s&rwfr;k
okLro esa vFkZkkL= esa iz;qDr FkwFkk gh
gSA ftldks vc ge tLrk ds uke ls tkurs gSA
duZy tsEl VkM 1829 us jktLFkku ds bfrgkl
lacaf/kr nLrkostksa esa ;s mYys[k fd;k gS fd
lu~ 1373 bZ- esa jk.kk yk[kk tc fpRrkSM+ ds
duZy VkM dh [kkst ds mijkar fjVkVZ fof/k }kjk
tLrk mRiknu dh izf;k fczVsu rd igqph

1788 esa fofy;e pSfEi;u us bl fof/k dk isVsaV

fczVsu esa djk fy;k] rnqijkar bl fof/k ls cM+s iSekus
ij tLrk mRikfnr fd;k x;kA

;g izf;k lu~ 1925 ls lu~1939 rd Imperial smelting

corporation }kjk baxySM esa tkjh jgh]

,d le; 1916 rd foo dk 90 izfrkr tLrk blh izf;k }kjk

mRikfnr fd;k tkrk FkkA
Retorts }kjk tLrk mRiknu dh
fof/k

uyhuqek
<Ddu kadqdkj
ik=

laiw.kZ fjVkVZ
<Ddu lfgr
yackbZ 30&35 ls-eh- ,oa [kqys gq;s
eq[k dh pkSM+kbZ 10&15 ls-eh-
 tLrk oki fudyus
dh ukyh
HkV~Vh dk ijh dks;yk
fgLlk

HkV~Vh foHkDr
djus dh tkyh
ok;w izokg

HkV~Vh dk
tLrk ,df=r djus dk
fupyk fgLlk
ik=

fjVkVZ }kjk tLrk mRiknu

dh fof/k
Hkjk gqvk
fjVkVZ
 HkV~Vh esa
6x6 dh drkj ls 36 Retorts
HkV~Vh dk cross section
mRiknu dh HkV~Vh dk fgLlk
tkoj {ks= esa djhcu 6 yk[k Vu iqjkrudkyhu
Retorts iM+s gq;s gSA

ftuesa 3 izfrkr tLrk ds vykok /kkrq;sa Hkh gSaA

vxj mUgsa iw.kZ :i ls process fd;k tkrk gS rks

rdjhcu 18000 Vu tLrk fudkyk tk ldrk gSA

Retorts esa miyC/k fofHkUu /kkrqvksa dh ek=k

dk v/;;u fd;k gSA mldss ifj.kke lkj.kh &1 esa fn;s
x;s gSA

blds vfrfjDr vifkVksa ,oa jk[k ds <sjksa esa ls

Hkh tLrk ,oa pknh ds vykok lhlk Hkh izkIr fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
 concentrate Retorts Residue Relative Proportions of Constituents

Mochiya Retorts

Tailing Conc. Residue

% Relative % Relative % Relative % Relative

Fe 3.00 1.00 3.10 1.00 8.00 1.00 5.7 1.00

Zn 3.50 1.17 0.35 0.11 52.00 6.50 3.04 0.53

Pb 1.40 0.47 0.22 0.07 1.30 0.16 1.55 0.27

Mn 0.35 0.12 - - 0.035 4.4*10-3 1.03 0.18

Ag(ppm) 40.00 10-3 - - 140.00 1.7*10-3 1144 2*10-3

Insoluble(Silica) 30.00 10.00 33.20 10.70 1.25 0.16 42.5 7.45

Ca 13.00 4.33 14.00 4.50 1.00 0.125 17.2 3.00

Mg 7.5 2.50 8.50 2.70 1.20 0.15 6.7 1.18

 concentrate Retorts Residue Proportions of Constituents
Mochiya Retorts

Tailing Conc. Residue

% % % %

Fe 3.00 3.10 8.00 5.7

Zn 3.50 0.35 52.00 3.04
Pb 1.40 0.22 1.30 1.55
Mn 0.35 - 0.035 1.03
Ag(ppm) 40.00 - 140.00 114
Insoluble 30.00 33.20 1.25 42.5

(Silica)
Ca 13.00 14.00 1.00 17.2
Mg 7.5 8.50 1.20 6.7
ds nksgu gsrq viuk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns ldrk
gSA
Hkkjrh; [kku C;wjks ds fufgr dk;ksZ esa
loksZifj dk;Z [kfut laj{k.k dk gSA
Hkkjr esa vusd LFkkuksa ij izkphu [kuu m|
ksx ,oa /kkrqvksa ds izkIr djus dh ml le; dh
mUur ij vkt ds vuqlkj izkphu fof/k;ksa dk
mi;ksx gksrk jgk gSA
bl dkj.k [kfut v;Ld ls iw.kZ :i ls /kkrq;sa izkIr
ugha gks ldh vkSj izk;% /;ku flQZ ,d gh /kkrq
ds nksgu dh vksj yxk;k x;k gSA
[kfut v;Ld esa ,d ls vf/kd /kkrq;sa lfEefyr
gksrh gS ftudk nksgu vkt ds ;qx esa Zero Waste
Technology ds :i esa laHko gS ijUrq izkphu ;qx
esa ;g laHko ugha Fkk vr% ;g lHkh /kkrq;sa
izkphu /kkrqvksa ds vifkV ds :i esa ;gk ogk
fc[kjh iM+h gSaA
tLrs ds vifkV esa tLrs ds lkFk lhlk]
ftlls ;g O;FkZ iM+s gq, vifkVksa ds <sjksa dk
mi;ksx fd;k tk ldsA
Hkkjrh; [kku C;wjks esa gj izdkj ds expertise
miyC/k gSA
pkgs og [kuu lacaf/kr gks] HkwxHkZ lacaf/kr
gks] ;k [kfut laLdj.k lacaf/kr gks] bruh expertise
dk Hkjiwj mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ekStwnk
[kfut HkaMkj ij c<+rs gq;s ncko dks de fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
,slk ugha fd bl izdkj dk iz;Ru igys dHkh ugha
fd;k x;kA HZL us vizSy 1980 esa IIT dkuiqj dks
rhu okZ ds fy, Research project izk;ksftr dh FkhA
1982 fczfVk E;wft;e yk;czsjh vkSj MS
;wfuoflZVh cM+ksnk ds iz;klksa ls bl izkphu i|
fr }kjk tLrk mRiknu dh izf;k foo ds lkeus
izdV gqbZA ijarq izkphu vifkVdksa ds iw.kZ :i
ls iz;ksx esa ykus gsrq fdlh izdkj ds ;kstuk dk
Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k (GSI) us iqjs
Hkkjr esa /kkfRod vifkVksa dk xgu v/;u fd;k
gSA ftlls mUgksaus jktLFkku gh esasa ckjg
LFkkuksa ij vifkVksa dk vkadyu fd;k gSA

/kkrqvksa dh c<+rh gqbZ ekax le; ds lkFk

xgjh gksrh gqbZ [knkuksa us vusd pqukSfr;k
izLrqr dh gSA

,sls le; esa iM+s gq, vofkVksa esa ls

egRoiw.kZ /kkrq;sa izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

blds fy;s [kuu ea=ky; esa dk;Zjr dk;kZy; tSls

fd IBM, MECL, GSI dh ,d Task Force cukbZ tk ldrh
 List of Various sites
1. Spongy silver slag of Jodhawas area, Alwar district, Rajasthan
2. Greenish grey copper slag from Naldeshwar area, Alwar district, Rajasthan
3. Reddish brown iron slag from Nilkanth Mahadev and Baldeogarh areas,
Alwar district, Rajasthan
4. Greenish glassy slag from Gothri Guru Ki area, Alwar district, Rajasthan
5. Large copper slagheap in Khod-Dariba area, Rajasthan
6. Two large slag dumps in Udaipurwati town area, Sikar district, Rajasthan
7. Slagheaps near Ajabgarh village, Alwar district, Rajasthan
8. Copper slag dumps in Matasula (North) area, Rajasthan
9. Iron slag at the foothill of old Rajgarh fort area, Alwar district, Rajasthan
10. Mine dumps with spongy slags in Jodhawas area, Alwar district,
Rajasthan
11. Spent retorts in old Zawar area, Udaipur district, Rajasthan
12. A general view of the old Zawar area showing old house walls made of
spent retorts.