Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1
A Brief History Of The

Multi-racial Population Of
Malaysia
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

A FIRST GLANCE
OF MALAYSIA
For any visitors to Malaysia, one of the

first words which they will hear once
they get on board a Malaysia bound
airline flight is Selamat Datang.
It means Welcome in Malay.

One of the Asian Economic Tigers in South
East Asia, there are many M words that
can be used to describe Malaysia. Words
like Multi-Cultural, Multi-Ethic, Multi-
Lingual, Mysterious, Mystical, and
Magnificent can all be used to singularly
or collectively describe this relatively young
nation of 29 million people

MALAYSIA TRULY
ASIA
This is due to the fact that it is one of the
few countries in Asia that has three (3)
major races, Chinese, Malays and Indians,
in significant numbers in one place.
In fact, it is this diversity that is afforded by

the various races in this country that make
Malaysia Truly Asia.

FLAG
Malaysian flag known as Jalur Gemilang.

THE FLAG
Malaysia Name Jalur Gemilang ("Stripes of
Glory")
Adopted : 26 May 1950 (original 11-point star
and 11 stripes)
16 September 1963 (current 14-point star and 14
stripes)
Design : Fourteen horizontal stripes alternating
red and white; in the canton, a yellow crescent
and 14-point star on a blue field
Designed by Mohamed Hamzah[N 1]
THE MEANING
The 14 stripes, of equal width, represent the
equal status in the federation of the 13
member states and the federal government,
while the 14 points of the star represent the
unity between these entities.[2] The crescent
represents Islam, the country's official
religion; the blue canton symbolizes the unity
of the Malaysian people; the yellow of the star
and crescent is the royal colour of the Malay
rulers.
GEOGRAPHICAL
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia

that consists of 13 states and 3 Federal
Territories.
Total landmass of 329,847 square
kilometers (127,355 sq mi).
The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while
Putrajaya is the seat of the federal
government.
GEOGRAPHICAL
The Federal Territories in Malaysia

comprise three territories: Kuala
Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan,
governed directly by the federal
government of Malaysia.
GEOGRAPHICAL
Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of

Malaysia, Putrajaya is the administrative
capital, and Labuan is an offshore
international financial centre. Kuala
Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves in
the state of Selangor, while Labuan is
an island off the coast of Sabah.
MALAYSIA
Putrajaya
MALAYSIA
Petronas Twin towers (KLCC)

MALAYSIA
KL Tower
MALAYSIA
Kuala Lumpur
Some Government Buildings
Night view of Palace of Justice from Putrajaya Corporation Building Complex

View of Prime Ministers office at dusk
Putrajaya Corporation Building Complex at dusk
Third Federal Territory
Putrajaya is referred to as
administrative center not
capital;
The main offices of
government was shifted in
1999 from Kuala Lumpur to
Putrajaya, due to the
overcrowding and congestion
in the Kuala Lumpur areas.
Putrajaya became Malaysia's
third Federal Territory after
Kuala Lumpur and Labuan.
MAPS

GEOGRAPHICAL
The country is separated into two

regions Peninsular Malaysia and
Malaysian Borneo by the South
China Sea.
Malaysia borders Thailand, Indonesia,
Singapore and Brunei.
The country is located near the equator
and experiences a tropical climate.
Introduction of Malaysia
Malaysia located in
middle of South East of Asia
which is separated by South
China Sea into two regions,
Peninsular
Malaysia and Malaysian
Borneo.
Southern border shared
with Thailand.
In the north Borneo side
neighboring countries are
Singapore and Indonesia.
The northern one-third of
island of Borneo , that is
bordering with Brunei and
Indonesia.
Climate of Malaysia
It is difficult to generalize
about the country's climate, as
rainfall differs on the east and
west coasts according to the
prevailing monsoon winds
(northeast or southwest).
Average daytime
temperatures in the Malaysia
is around 27C (82F) year
round.
The main rainy season in the

East, runs between November
and February, while August is
the rainy month on the west
coast. East Malaysia has heavy
rains (November to February).
GENTING HIGHLAND
CAMERON
HIGHLAND
GOVERNMENT
Malaysia is a federal constitutional

elective monarchy.
The federal head of state of Malaysia is
the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly
referred to as the King of Malaysia.

MALAYSIA
Yang Dipertuan Agong

Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin al-Mukhtafi Billal Shah
GOVERNMENT
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected

to a five-year term among the nine
hereditary Sultans of the Malay states;
the other four states, which have
Governors, do not participate in the
selection.

GOVERNMENT
The system of government in Malaysia

is closely modeled on that of
Westminster parliamentary system, a
legacy of British colonial rule.
The government is headed by a Prime
Minister.

MALAYSIA
The current Prime Minister of Malaysia

Dato Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak
HISTORY
The UK had established influence in

colonies in the territory from the late-
18th century.
The western half of modern Malaysia
was composed of several separate
kingdoms known as British Malaya until
its dissolution in 1946, when it was
reorganized as the Malayan Union.

HISTORY
Due to widespread opposition, it was

reorganized again as the Federation of
Malaya in 1948 and later gained
independence on 31 August 1957.
Singapore, Sarawak, British North
Borneo and the Federation of Malaya
joined to form Malaysia on 16
September 1963.

HISTORY
The union however, was unstable due
to distrust and ideological differences
between leaders of the State of
Singapore and the federal government
of Malaysia. Such issues resulted in
frequent disagreement within politics,
economic, financial and social policies.

HISTORY
The conflict spread to the populace,

resulting in major racial riots in 1964 in
Singapore. In 1965, Malaysian Prime
Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman decided
upon the expulsion of Singapore from
the Federation, leading to the
Independence of Singapore on 9
August 1965.
DEMOGRAPHIC
The population stands at 29,179,952

(July 2011 est.)
Malays form the majority of the
population of Malaysia.
The Malay language and Islam are the
official language and religion of the
federation respectively.

DEMOGRAPHIC
Ethnic groups
Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous
11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)

DEMOGRAPHIC
By constitutional definition, Malays are
Muslims who practice Malay customs
(adat) and culture.
Non-Malay bumiputra groups make up
more than half of the state of Sarawak's
population (of which 30% are Ibans),
and close to 60% of Sabah's population
(of which 18% are Kadazan-Dusuns,
and 17% are Bajaus).
DEMOGRAPHIC
There also exist aboriginal groups in

much smaller numbers on the
Peninsula, where they are collectively
known as Orang Asli.

DEMOGRAPHIC
Languages
Bahasa Malaysia (official), English,
Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin,
Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow),
Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai
note: in East Malaysia there are several
indigenous languages; most widely
spoken are Iban and Kadazan
RELIGION

RELIGION
Malaysia is a multi-religious society and

Islam is the official religion.
According to the Population and
Housing Census 2000 figures,
approximately 60.4 percent of the
population practiced Islam; 19.2 percent
Buddhism; 9.1 percent Christianity; 6.3
percent Hinduism; and 2.6 percent
traditional Chinese religions.
RELIGION
The remaining have other faiths while

1.1% either reported as having no
religion or did not provide any
information.

RELIGION
Buddhism
MALAY

BUMIPUTRA
The Malay are Malaysia's largest ethnic

group, accounting for over half the
population and the national language.
With the oldest indigenous peoples they
form a group called bumiputera, which
translates as "sons" or "princes of the
soil.

BUMIPUTRA
Almost all Malays are Muslims.

Traditional Malay culture centers around
the kampung, or village, though today
one is just as likely to find Malays in the
cities.

MALAY

BUMIPUTRA

BUMIPUTRA
The largest non-Malay indigenous tribe

is the Iban of Sarawak, who number
over 600,000.
Some Iban still live in traditional jungle
villages in long houses along the
Rajang and Lupar rivers and their
tributaries, although many have moved
to the cities.

BUMIPUTRA
The Bidayuhs, numbering around

170,000, are concentrated in the
southwestern part of Sarawak.
The largest indigenous tribe in Sabah is
the Kadazan. They are largely Christian
farmers.

BUMIPUTRA

BUMIPUTRA
The 140,000 Orang Asli, or aboriginal

peoples, comprise a number of different
ethnic communities living in peninsular
Malaysia.
Traditionally nomadic hunter/gatherers
and agriculturalists, many have been
absorbed into modern Malaysia.

ORANG ASLI
CHINESE
The Chinese population in Malaysia are

mostly Buddhist (of Mahayana sect) or
Taoist, although some of the younger
generations are choosing Christianity as
their religion.

CHINESE
CHINESE
The Chinese community in Malaysia

speak a variety of Chinese dialects
including Mandarin Chinese, Hokkien,
Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew.

CHINESE
A large majority of Chinese in Malaysia,

especially those from the larger cities
such as Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya,
Ipoh, Klang and Penang speak decent
English as well.
The Chinese have historically been
dominant in the Malaysian business and
commerce community.

INDIAN

INDIAN
The Indians in Malaysia are mainly

Hindu Tamils from southern India
whose native language is Tamil
There are also other Indian
communities which is Telugu,
Malayalam and Hindi-speaking, living
mainly in the larger towns on the west
coast of the peninsula.

INDIAN
Many middle to upper-middle class

Indians in Malaysia also speak English
as a first language.
A vigorous 200,000-strong Tamil
Muslim community also thrives as an
independent subcultural group.
There are also prevalent Tamil Christian
communities in major cities and towns.
INDIAN
Most Indians originally migrated from

India as traders, teachers or other
skilled workers.
A larger number were also part of the
forced migrations from India by the
British during colonial times to work in
the plantation industry.

INDIAN
There is also a sizable Sikh community

in Malaysia of over 100,000.
The Sikhs came to Malaya to work as
police, soldiers and jagas (security
guards).

SIKH
HOLIDAYS
Murtabaks Stall during Ramadhan

HOLIDAYS
The most celebrated holiday is the "Hari

Kebangsaan" (Independence Day),
otherwise known as "Merdeka"
(Freedom), on 31 August
commemorating the independence of
the Federation of Malaya in 1957.

HOLIDAYS
Malaysia Day is only celebrated in the

state of Sabah on 16 September to
commemorate the formation of Malaysia
in 1963.
Hari Merdeka, as well as Labour Day (1
May), the King's birthday (first Saturday
of June) and some other festivals are
federal gazetted public holidays.

HOLIDAYS
Muslims in Malaysia celebrate Muslim

holidays.
The most celebrated festival, Hari Raya
Puasa (also called Hari Raya Aidilfitri) is
the Malay translation of Eid al-Fitr.
It is generally a festival honoured by the
Muslims worldwide marking the end of
Ramadan, the fasting month.
HOLIDAYS
Common foods serves during Hari Raya

HOLIDAYS
In addition to Hari Raya Puasa, they

also celebrate Hari Raya Haji (also
called Hari Raya Aidiladha, the
translation of Eid ul-Adha), Awal
Muharram (Islamic New Year) and
Maulidur Rasul (Birthday of the
Prophet).

HOLIDAYS
Chinese in Malaysia typically celebrate

festivals that are observed by Chinese
around the world.
Chinese New Year is the most
celebrated among the festivals which
lasts for fifteen days and ends with
Chap Goh Mei.

HOLIDAYS
Other festivals celebrated by Chinese

are the Qingming Festival, the Dragon
Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn
Festival.
In addition to traditional Chinese
festivals, Buddhists Chinese also
celebrate Vesak.

HOLIDAYS

HOLIDAYS
The majority of Indians in Malaysia are

Hindus and they celebrate
Diwali/Deepavali, the festival of light.
Thaipusam is a celebration which
pilgrims from all over the country flock
to Batu Caves.
Apart from the Hindus, Sikhs celebrate
the Vaisakhi, the Sikh New Year.
HOLIDAYS

THAIPUSAM
HOLIDAYS
Other festivals:
Good Friday (East Malaysia only)
Christmas
Hari Gawai of the Ibans (Dayaks)
Pesta Menuai (Pesta Kaamatan) of the
Kadazan-Dusuns.

CULTURE
Malaysia's cultural mosaic is marked by
many different cultures, but several in
particular have had especially lasting
influence on the country.
The first Chinese to settle in the straits,
primarily in and around Malacca,
gradually adopted elements of
Malaysian culture and intermarried with
the Malaysian community.
CULTURE
Known as babas and nonyas, they

eventually produced a synthetic set of
practices, beliefs, and arts, combining
Malay and Chinese traditions in such a
way as to create a new culture.

BABA AND NYONYA
CULTURE
Another example of Malaysia's

extraordinary cultural exchange the
Malay wedding ceremony, which
incorporates elements of the Hindu
traditions of southern India; the bride
and groom dress in gorgeous brocades,
sit in state, and feed each other yellow
rice with hands painted with henna.

CULTURE
Muslims have adapted the Chinese

custom of giving little red packets of
money (ang pau) at festivals to their
own needs; the packets given on
Muslim holidays are green and have
Arab writing on them.

Chapter 1 - A Brief History of The Multi-Racial Population of Malaysia

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A Brief History Of The

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

For any visitors to Malaysia, one of the

It means Welcome in Malay.

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

In fact, it is this diversity that is afforded by

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Malaysian flag known as Jalur Gemilang.

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia

The Federal Territories in Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of

Petronas Twin towers (KLCC)

Night view of Palace of Justice from Putrajaya Corporation Building Complex

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The country is separated into two

The main rainy season in the

Malaysia is a federal constitutional

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Yang Dipertuan Agong

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The system of government in Malaysia

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The current Prime Minister of Malaysia

The UK had established influence in

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Due to widespread opposition, it was

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The conflict spread to the populace,

The population stands at 29,179,952

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

There also exist aboriginal groups in

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Malaysia is a multi-religious society and

The remaining have other faiths while

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The Malay are Malaysia's largest ethnic

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Almost all Malays are Muslims.

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The largest non-Malay indigenous tribe

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The Bidayuhs, numbering around

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The 140,000 Orang Asli, or aboriginal

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The Chinese population in Malaysia are

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

The Chinese community in Malaysia

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

A large majority of Chinese in Malaysia,

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS