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  • Introduction To HTML

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    422 Ansichten23 Seiten

    Introduction To HTML

    Hochgeladen von

    Anonymous ij5Eu0

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PPT, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 23

    Web Technologies

    Anupriya Sharma
    Table of Content

    HTML
    XHTML
    XML
    HTML
    What is HTML
    History
    What is it used for
    Tags & Structure Sample
    Conclusion
    What is HTML
    HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
    Language for publications in the World
    Wide Web, text format for HTTP
    Basic language = English
    Developed 1990 by Berners Lee;
    based very strongly on SGML
    SGML: a Brief Introduction
    Standardized General Markup
    Language
    In 1986, ISO approved an international
    standard for descriptive markup
    SGML is a metalanguage for defining
    markup languages
    HTML is one example of an SGML-
    defined language
    History of HTML
    HTML 2.0 is the official standard, which defines
    those basic functions of HTML, which are
    meaningfully represented by all Web Browsern.
    HTML 3.2 is the most common used standard,
    which covers those HTML elements, which are
    supported to a large extent by nearly all Browser
    versions (starting from 1996/97).
    HTML 4.0 is a suggestion of the W3-Consortium,
    which is at least partly supported by newer
    Browser versions (starting from 1997/98).
    The advancement of HTML starting from
    1999/2000 will go into the direction from XHTML.
    What is it used for
    Presenting information in LAN / WAN
    Structure your text-based information
    Hyperlinks to reach following texts
    To Put images on your docs
    Basic structure for all web applications,
    like Guestbooks, Online Stores,
    Forums, etc
    HTML Standard Tags
    TAG: A command inserted in a document that
    specifies how the document, or a portion of the
    document, should be formatted. Tags are used by
    all format specifications that store documents as
    text files. This includes SGML and HTML.
    Attribute refers to the properties of the HTML
    elements
    TAG is, which stands within "<...>"
    to an opening TAG belongs usually a closing TAG
    (< font>... </font>)
    Comment tags: <!-- .... -->
    There are special tags who not need an end tag,
    like <br>
    HTML Basic Structure
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
    "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Title of the page</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1><i>HTML</i> - the language of the web</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    Conclusion
    Advantage: HTML is easy to learn
    Problems:
    Almost nobody really cares about the
    standards of w3c, because the Microsoft
    Internet Explorer (Leading Browser) is
    very obliging
    As a result the parsers of the non-microsoft
    browsers can have significant problems in
    displaying pages correctly
    XHTML
    What is XHTML
    History
    Main characteristics of XHTML
    Syntax rules
    Conclusion
    What is XHTML
    EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
    Supposed to replace HTML
    nearly identically to HTML 4.01
    stricter and "more cleanly" version of HTML
    HTML 4.01 on XML-Base
    History
    Introduced in 26 January 2000 by W3C
    as the new official standard
    Reason: Problems because of "bad"
    and "unsuitable" HTML => for search
    "more cleanly" and "more uniformly"
    programming
    Main characteristics of XHTML
    correct nesting of the tags
    XHTML documents must keep a certain
    form
    permit no capital letters for the tags
    All elements must be closed: END tag
    necessarily
    Important syntax rules
    Attribute names must be written in
    small letters
    Attributes must stand in " "
    No attributes shortening
    The ID attribute replaces the name
    attribute
    The XHTML DTD defines obligatory
    elements.
    Conclusion
    XHTML is supposed to make the HTML-
    Jungle clean, to make the Web-Pages
    suitable for all browser types.
    Disadvantages:
    Web developers have to obey the rules
    Errors will not be tolerated
    => More expenditure of time
    XML
    What is XML
    XML Motivation
    XML Classification
    Sample
    Conclution
    What is XML
    XML (EXtensible Markup Language)
    Guidance for writing of Document Type
    Definitions DTDs
    XML is more general and uniform than
    HTML, and simpler than SGML
    SGML - (arcane features) + (new
    acronym) = XML!
    XML - Motivation
    For closing gaps between machine-
    machine communication ...
    ... applicable in the WWW
    Easy to create
    For humans and machines readable
    To cover as much as possible areas of
    application
    XML - Classification

    Semi Non
    Structured Data
    Structured Data Structured Data

    RATIONAL
    DATA BASES
    XML FLOW TEXT
    Sample Code
    <?xml version=1.0 encoding=ISO-8859-1 ?>
    <book isbn=3423085169>
    <titel>Sofies Welt</titel>
    <autor>
    <name>Gaarder</name>
    <firstname>Jostein</firstname>
    </autor>
    <publisher>DTV</ publisher>
    <year>1993</year>
    </book>
    End - Conclusion
    HTML
    Markup language for the Web
    Version and compatibility problems
    XHTML
    Tryes to solve this problems
    XML
    machine-machine communication
    Thanks for your attention!

    Questions?

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