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ENGINEERING TANTA
UNIVERSITY
LECTURE 5
GRAVITY DAMS
SAFETY & STABILITY
ANALYSIS
Instructor:
Dr. Bakenaz A. Zedan
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LECTURE 5 OUTLINE:
Summary Of Cases Of Loading
Design Of Concrete Gravity Dams
Safety Of Concrete Gravity Dams
Stability Analysis
1. Stability Against Forward Overturning
2. Stability Against Forward Sliding
3. Stability Against Sliding & Shear
4. Stability Against Concrete Overstresses
5. Stability Against Foundation Overstresses
Solved Example
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Hydrostatic pressure
N.U.W.L.
Ww
W
h
Wwd
P Ws N.D.W.L.
Ps U hd Pd
P= w h w hd
U= w h
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F.U.W.L.
Hydrostatic pressure Ww
W
h'
Wwd
P Ws F.D.W.L
Ps U hd Pd
P= w h w hd
U= w h
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Ww
W Horizontal inertia forces due to
V earthquake accelerations
Phyd
P h H Wwd
Ws
Ps hd Pd
P=Cs .w ..h P= w h w hd
U= w h U
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Hydrodynamic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure Vertical inertia forces due to
F.U.W.L. earthquake accelerations
Ww
W Horizontal inertia forces due to
V earthquake accelerations
Phyd
P h' H Wwd
Ws
Ps Hd Pd
P= w h w hd
P=Cs .w ..h U= w h
U
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Ww
W Horizontal inertia forces due to
V earthquake accelerations
Phyd
P h H Wwd
Ws
Ps hd Pd
P=Cs .w ..h P= w h w hd
U= w h
U 13
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Hydrodynamic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure Vertical inertia forces due to
F.U.W.L. earthquake accelerations
Ww
W Horizontal inertia forces due to
V earthquake accelerations
Phyd
P h' H Wwd
Ws
Ps U Hd Pd
P= w h w hd
P=Cs .w ..h U= w h
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STABILITY CRITERIA
Stability analyses are performed for various loading
conditions
The structure must prove its safety and stability
under all loading conditions.
Since the probability of occurrence of extreme events is
relatively small, the joint probability of the independent
extreme events is negligible. In other words, the probability
that two extreme events occur at the same time is
relatively very low.
Therefore, combination of extreme events are not
considered in the stability criteria.
e.g. Floods (spring and summer) versus Ice load (winter).
then no need to consider these two forces at the same
time.
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STABILITY CRITERIA
Usual Loading
Hydrostatic force (normal operating level)
Uplift force
Temperature stress (normal temperature)
Dead loads
Ice loads
Silt load
Unusual Loading Hydrostatic
force (reservoir full) Uplift force
Stress produced by minimum temperature at full level
Dead loads
Silt load
Extreme (severe) Loading
Forces in Usual Loading and earthquake forces
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STABILITY CRITERIA
The ability of a dam to resist the applied loads is
measured by some safety factors.
To offset the uncertainties in the loads, safety
criteria are chosen sufficiently beyond the static
equilibrium condition.
Recommended safety factors: (USBR, 1976 and
1987)
However, since each dam site has unique features,
different safety Factors may be derived considering the
local condition.
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STABILITY CRITERIA
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Ice thrust
Thermal stresses
Abnormal Loads
These are the loads which in combination with normal loads encroach upon the factor of
safety and increase the allowable stresses although remaining lower than the higher emergency
stress limits.
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Forces Static
Forces
that give that try to
stability 1.Weight of destabilize
the dam 1. Reservoir water
2. Thrust of pressure
the tail water
2. Uplift
3. Ice pressure
4. Temperature
stresses
6. Silt pressure
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Forces Dynamic
Forces
that give that try to
stability 1.Weight of destabilize
the dam 1.Seismic forces
2. Thrust of 2.Hydrodynamic
the tail water
pressure
3.Forces due to
waves in the
reservoir
4. Wind pressure
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Mo
Heel toe
B
Mr
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B
toe
Normal stress Bending or flexural stres heel
s
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V
y
H
c.g.
Heel toe
B e
1m
+ My
x
nheel
ntoe
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e
heel
toe
For a unit
width
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STABILITY CRITERIA
The contact stress between the foundation and the dam or the internal stress
in the dam body must be compressive:
Tension along the upstream face of a gravity dam is possible under reservoir
operating conditions.
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Given data:
Crest width 1 0 m
Base width 5 0 m
Height of dam 60m
Height of reservoir 55m
Tail water height 0 m
Height of sedimentation 1 0 m
Unit weight of concrete = 2 4 KN/m 3
Modulus of Elasticity= 2 8 MPa
Unit weight of water= 1 0 KN/m 3
Unit weight of sedimentation = 14 KN/m 3 ( q> = 30)
Seismic coefficient= 0.2
Required:
Check the stability of the dam profile
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QUESTIONS
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