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organizational behavior
stephen p. robbins
Perception and
Individual Decision
Making
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N
2005 Prentice Hall Inc. WWW.PRENHALL.COM/ROBBINS PowerPoint Presentation
All rights reserved. by Charlie Cook
After studying this chapter,
OBJECTIVES
Perception
A process by which Peoples behavior is
individuals organize and based on their
interpret their sensory perception of what
impressions in order to reality is, not on
give meaning to their reality itself.
environment.
The world as it is
perceived is the world
that is behaviorally
important.
E X H I B I T 51
Attribution Theory
When individuals observe
behavior, they attempt to
determine whether it is
internally or externally
caused.
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency for individuals to
attribute their own successes
to internal factors while
putting the blame for failures
on external factors.
Selective Perception
People selectively interpret what they see on the
basis of their interests, background, experience,
and attitudes.
Halo Effect
Drawing a general impression
about an individual on the
basis of a single characteristic
Contrast Effects
Evaluation of a persons characteristics that
are affected by comparisons with other
people recently encountered who rank higher
or lower on the same characteristics.
Projection Stereotyping
Attributing ones own Judging someone on the
characteristics to other basis of ones perception of
people. the group to which that
person belongs.
Problem
A perceived discrepancy
between the current state of
affairs and a desired state. Perception
of the
decision
Decisions maker
Choices made from among
alternatives developed from
data perceived as relevant.
Outcomes
E X H I B I T 53
Creativity
The ability to produce
novel and useful ideas.
Three-Component
Model of Creativity
Proposition that individual
creativity requires expertise,
creative-thinking skills, and
intrinsic task motivation.
E X H I B I T 54
Source: T.M. Amabile, Motivating Creativity in Organizations, California Management Review, Fall 1997, p. 43.
2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 518
How Are Decisions Actually Made in
Organizations
Bounded Rationality
Individuals make decisions by constructing
simplified models that extract the essential
features from problems without capturing
all their complexity.