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ALCOHOL USE,

ABUSE &
ALCOHOLISM
What is ALCOHOL?
 Pertains to the consumable alcohol in
different content percentages
 Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol) – “grain alcohol”;
psychoactive ingredient
 It is a psychoactive drug that is a CNS
depressant
 It is the second most widely used and
abused of all psychoactive drugs
Forms of Alcohol Beverages

1. BEER –
made from
fermented
grains
Forms of Alcohol Beverages

2. WINE –
from fermented
berries,
grapes, fruits
Forms of Alcohol Beverages

3. HARD LIQUORS
- Made from
distilled products
of natural
fermentation
Why Do Many People View
Alcohol As A Non-drug?

 Alcohol is legal
 Advertising & media promote drinking
as normal
 Large distribution and sales of alcohol
 Long history of alcohol use
Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism
 Alcohol Abuse – “binge drinking”
 Alcoholic – person dependent on alcohol
 Alcoholism – loss of control over drinking
of alcohol
 Blood Alcohol Concentration – BAC; a
measure of the concentration of alcohol in
blood expressed in grams per 100 ml
 0.08 BAC – legal limit in US for driving
ALCOHOL ABSORPTION,
METABOLISM & EXCRETION
INGESTION OF ALCOHOL

ABSORBED INTO THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

CARRIED THROUGH THE BLOODSTREAM

DELIVERED TO ALL THE BODY’S TISSUE AND


ORGANS
ALCOHOL ABSORPTION,
EXCRETION & METABOLISM

10% IS EXCRETED 90% IS BROKENDOWN


UNCHANGED BY THE LIVER

URINE, SWEAT, CARBON DIOXIDE


BREATH & WATER
Blood Alcohol Concentration & Behavioral
Effects
Percent Behavioral Effects
BAC
0.05 Lowered alertness, usually good feeling,
release of inhibitions, impaired judgement

0.10 Slower reaction times & impaired motor


function, less caution

0.15 Large, consistent increases in reaction time

0.20 Marked depression in sensory & motor


capability, intoxication

0.25 Severe motor disturbance, staggering, sensory


perceptions, great impairment

0.30 Stuporous but conscious – no comprehension


of what’s going on
Figure 9.3
0.35 Surgical anesthesia; about LD, minimal level
The relationship between causing death
blood alcohol concentration 0.40 About LD50
and alcohol intake.
Physical Effects of Alcohol
 BAC depends on the:
 Presence of food in the stomach
 Rate of alcohol consumption

 Concentration of alcohol

 Drinker’s body composition

 Presence of non-alcoholic substances

 Presence of carbon dioxide

 Alcohol beverages have almost no vitamins,


minerals, protein, or fat -- just large amount of
carbohydrates
Physiological Effects: Short-
term Effects of Alcohol
 Low to moderate doses
 Dis-inhibition
 Social setting and mental state
 Euphoric, friendly, talkative
 Aggressive and hostile
 Interfere with motor activity, reflexes and
coordination
Physiological Effects: Short-
term Effects of Alcohol
 Moderate quantities
 Slightly increases in heart rate
 Slightly dilates blood vessels in arms, legs,
skin
 Moderately lowers blood pressure
 Stimulate appetite
 Increases production of gastric secretions
 Increases urine output
Physiological Effects: Acute
Effects of Alcohol
 At higher doses
 Difficultyin walking, talking, and thinking
 Induces drowsiness and causes sleep
 In large amounts -- severe depression of the
brain systems and motor control area of the
brain
 Lack of coordination, confusion, & disorientation
 Stupor, anesthesia, coma, and even death

 Lethal level of alcohol is between 0.4 and


0.6% by volume in the blood
Physiological Effects:
Chronic Effects of Alcohol
 Light or moderate drinking does little
permanent harm (exception - FAS)
 Heavy drinking
 Seriously damages the heart
 Kidney and liver damage
 Mental disorders, irreversible damage to the
brain and peripheral nervous system
 Lowered resistance to pneumonia and other
infectious diseases
 Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
 A collection of
physical and
behavioral
abnormalities
caused by the
presence of
alcohol during
fetal
development
PHASES OF ALCOHOLISM
PHASES/ SIGNS TO LOOK FOR
 stages a STAGES
person WARNING • increased tolerance to alcohol
• person becomes more pre-occupied w/ drinking
PHASE
goes • experiences BLACKOUTS (no recall of events that
happened while drinking)
through • Asks what beverage is served in a party rather than asking
who’s going to the party
when CHRONIC • loss of control over how much alcohol is consumed

becoming PHASE
• cannot control the amount of alcohol consumed once
drinking has begun
an • blames type of drinking of preferred drink & usual place of
drinking for alcoholism
alcoholic • makes effort not to be rejected by family & friends by
making promises
•Changes type of alcohol & location from usual drinking
place in trying to convince others of stopping

CRUCIAL • addiction/dependence is very evident


• drinking for days at a time (bender); misses work/school
PHASE • drinking behavior consumes all aspects of life; not
functioning well as a person in the society
• health problems intensifies; problems w/ family, friends,
community
So, be responsible.
Think first before
you act.
SPIRITUS CONTRA
SPIRITUM
(Spiritual crises
requires spiritual
cures)

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