PLANTS

Plants are living things that share these

characteristics:

They make their own food through a process

called photosynthesis.

They cannot move about.

Most of them can be seen with the naked eye.

 THE PARTS OF A PLANT
Most plants have roots, leaves and stems.

Roots are the parts of the plant that are

underground.

Stems are above the ground.

Leaves are the green parts of a plant.

 ROOTS
Roots are the parts of the plant that are
underground.
They fix the plant to the ground and absorb
water and nutrients.
Some plants have a thick root which stores
food for the plant.
Carrots
Beetroot
yucca
 STEMS
Stems are above the ground.

Support the plant and transport the water and nutrients

to all parts of the plant.

There are two types of stems:

Herbaceous stems are soft and flexible.

Grasses

Woody stems are hard and rigid. The stem is called trunk.
Trees

Bushes
 LEAVES

Leaves are the green parts of a plant that

grow from the stem or the branches.

Plants make their own food in leaves

through a process called photosynthesis.
 PLANT NUTRITION
The plants make their own food through a process
called photosynthesis.

The photosynthesis takes place during the day in the

green parts of the plants.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen

To do this, plants need:

water

mineral salts

carbon dioxide

light
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. Plants absorb water and mineral salts from the soil through
their roots.

2. The mixture of water and mineral salts is called raw sap. It

travels up the stem to the leaves through long tubes.

3. Plants absorb carbon dioxide through their leaves. In the

leaves, raw sap mixes with carbon dioxide and turns into
elaborated sap with the help of sunlight. Elaborated sap is
food for the plant. During this process plants release oxygen.

4. Finally, elaborated sap is distributed to all parts of the plant

through long tubes in the stem.
 RESPIRATION

Like all living things, plants need to breathe. They

take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

During the day, plants breathe and perform

photosynthesis.

At night there is no sunlight, so plants only

breathe.
 REPRODUCTION
Sexual reproduction takes place in the flowers.

Asexual reproduction. Plants use parts of

themselves to reproduce.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
 PARTS OF A FLOWER

Stamens are the male parts of a flower.

Pollen is produced in the stamens.

The pistil is the female part. It is shaped like a

bottle. It contains the ovary.

Petals are coloured leaves. They form the corolla.

The sepals are the small green leaves that protect

the flower. The sepals form the calyx.
 PLANT REPRODUCTION: DIFFERENT STAGES

1. Pollen is formed in the stamens.

2. A grain of pollen reaches the pistil of another
flower.
3. The ovary matures and turns into fruit. The fruit
contains the seeds.
4. When a seed falls to the ground, it germinates and a
new plant grows.

https://youtu.be/HuKa57OJ_iA
https://youtu.be/8tcmBCiomfI
 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
These plants use parts of themselves to
reproduce.

Stolons

Rhizomes

Bulbs

tubers
 STOLONS
Stolons or runners are specialized stems that
grow horizontally above the ground.

They have nodes, points where buds are formed.

When the nodes touch the soil, roots grow into
the ground and a new plant grows above the
roots.

Stolons are found in strawberry plants and many

grasses.
 RHIZOMES
Rhizomes are specialized stems that grow
horizontally underground.

The stems store plant food and can germinate a

new plant. Common plants having rhizomes are
irises and ginger.
 BULBS

Bulbs are underground stems formed from the

plant stem and leaves with store food.

They are made up of layers of fleshy leaves.

Roots grow from the bottom of the bulb.

Bulbs are found in onions and garlic.

 TUBERS

Tubers are swollen roots that store food.

Stems and roots emerge from growing points

called eyes.

Tubers are found in potatoes .

 PLANT CLASSIFICATION

Flowering plants produce flowers, seeds and fruits.

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers, seeds

or fruits.
Mosses

Ferns
 ANGIOSPERMS
They have beautiful flowers. They can be large
(roses) or small (daisies)

The produce fruit with seeds inside.

They can be trees, bushes or grasses.

Examples : apple tree, lavender, wheat or clover.

 GYMNOSPERMS

They have got small, simple flowers without a

corolla or a calyx.

They do not produce fruits.

The seeds are grouped together in cones.

They leaves are shaped like needles.

They are evergreens, they have leaves all year round.

They are bushes and trees.

Examples: cypress trees, pines and fir trees.

 NON-FLOWERING PLANTS
They do not produce flowers, fruits or seeds.

There are two main groups:

Mosses

Ferns
 MOSSES

They are very small, simple plants.

They have tiny stems and leaves.

They roots are very thin, like hairs, which fix

the plant to the soil.

They grow on rocks, on tree trunks, and on the

ground in damp places.
 FERNS

They have large leaves.

The stems grow undergroud.

They grow in dark, damp places such as in woods.

or on river banks.