Safety Engineering

Chapter 4
This chapter covers provision for safety of the points of
operation as well as the danger zone of machineries.

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Definition
Danger Zone- any place at or near the point of operation
where an employee may be caught by or between the
moving parts of machine, or between the material and
the moving part or parts of the machine.
Point of operation- that part of a machine which
performs an operation on the stock or material and/or
that point or location where stock or material is fed to the
machine. A machine may have one or more points of
operation.

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Class
Class A - Class A designation of an order means that the
rule applies to all kinds of work.

Class B- Class B designation means that the order applies

unless the nature of the work, type of machinery or size
and shape of material being worked will not permit.

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Metal Working Machine

Foot and Hand Press- machines actuated by the foot or

hand power only and fitted with rams or dies for purpose
of blanking, trimming, drawing, punching, stamping,
forming or assembling materials.
Foot Kick, and Hand Press- Machines actuated by the foot
or hand power only, and fitted with rams or dies for the
purpose of blanking, trimming, drawing, punching, or
stamping, forming or assembling cold material.
Ram- reciprocating part within a cylinder. It is also called
plunger, slide or mandrel.

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 Power Press- power driven-machine fitted with rams or dies
for purposes of blanking, trimming, drawing, punching or
stamping, forming or assembling materials. Plate shears or
punches, bulldozers, riveters, spring actuated hammers, hot
metal presses and hammers, powers press brakes, and presses
so constructed that the ram can be stopped at any point in its
travel by the control device, are not included in Metal Working
Machine.
Plate Shear- machine capable of shearing metal of more than
6mm in thickness
Drop Hammer- a hammer in which the force of the blow is
developed entirely by gravity.

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Article 4.3 General Requirements

4.3.1 Power, Foot and Hand Power Presses. Power, Foot

and Hand Power Presses shall be guarded in one or more
ways enumerated below. The points of operation other
than those listed below will be acceptable, provided they
afford at least equal for the operator.

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 Automatic Feed- A feed of such character that the services of
an operator are not required except at intervals to restock the
feeding device or magazine. When this type of feed is used,
the danger zone shall be completely closed.
Semi-Automatic or Mechanical Feed- An agreement such as
dial feed, slide feed, push feed, rotating feed or other similar
arrangements actuated by or attached to the machines, by
means of which stock is fed under the ram without
necessitating the operators hands entering the danger zone
shall be provided with a guard, enclosure, or barrier in front of
the ram.

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 Pull-out Protective Device (Hand Fed) A mechanically
operated device attach to the operators hands, wrist or
arms which withdraws the operators hands from the
danger zone as the ram descends.

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 4.3.2 Squaring Shears (Class A)
A mechanical power and foot and hand power squaring
shears shall be provided with a guard which will prevent
the hands of the operator from entering the zone
traveled by the knives of the shears while they are in
motion. This guard may be fixed barrier, set not more
than 10mm above the table, or a self-adjusting barrier
with a limit of 10mm above the table, but that will
automatically rise to the thickness of the material.

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Article 4.4 Die Casting Machines
Hot/Cold Chamber Machine Controls
Every hot chamber die casting machine shall be equipped
with one of the following controls:
Two-hand controls requiring the simultaneous use of
both hands until the die is completely closed. Removal of
either or both hands during the closing of the die will
stop or reverse the closing cycle, or

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 A single control of the constant pressure type. This
control shall be located at such distance from the parting
line of the die that the operator cannot reach into the die
at the parting line with his free hand. Removal of the
hand from the control during the closing of the die will
stop or reverse the closing cycle

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 A single control of the constant pressure type. This
control shall be located at such distance from the parting
line of the die that the operator cannot reach into the die
at the parting line with his free hand. Removal of the
hand from the control during the closing of the die will
stop or reverse the closing cycle

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 A sliding gate guard which when closed will prevent
contact by the operator with the die. This gate shall be
interlocked with the control system so that if the gate is
opened prior to the completion of the closing cycle, the
closing cycle will stop or reverse.

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Article 4.5 Wood Working
Machine
Circular Rip Saw (Class B) Manual Feed:
A hood shall be used that will cover the saw to at
least the depth of the teeth
The hood may be fixed a manually adjusted hood or
guard provided the space between the bottom of the
guard and the material being cut does not exceed
12.70mm

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 Self-feed Circular-Ripsaw (Class A)
A hood or guard shall be used that will cover the saw
to at least the depth of the teeth. The hood or guard need
not to rest upon the table nor upon the material being
cut, but shall be extend to within 12.70mm of the stock
being worked.
The feed rolls of star wheels shall be enclosed by a
cover coming down within 12.70mm of the stocked being
worked.

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Warning Device
A warning device which will sound an audible signal
before machinery is started shall be installed in all gins.
Such signal shall be intense enough to be heard above the
general noise level.

Double roller gin machine

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1203.01 Guards
(1) Guards shall be designed, constructed and used that they will:
a. provide positive protection;
b. prevent all access to the danger zone during operations;
c. not interfere unnecessarily or inconvenience operation or
production;
d. operate automatically or with minimum effort;
e. be suitable for the job and the machine;
f. not obstruct or interfere with machine oiling, inspection, adjustment
and repair;
g. withstand long use with minimum maintenance;
h. resist normal wear and stock;
i. be durable, fire and erosion resistant;
j. not constitute a hazard by themselves; and
k. give protection against operational contingencies and not merely
against normally expected hazards.
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1203.01
All machinery guards shall be securely fastened to the
machine or to the floor, wall or ceiling and shall be kept in
place whenever the machine is in operation.

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1203.04
Height of Guards Except as provided for specific
installation, the minimum height of guards shall be 1.00
meter from the upper surface of the top rail to the floor
or platform level.

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