Engr. Albert S.

Revilla, MSERM
Instructor
Is the mean grade of business students of HCDC enrolled
in Economics for the 1st semester of the school year
2014-15 equals 2.35?

Are there more than five percent of 500 pieces of

childrens wear produced and defective?

Is there a significant difference in the promotion of

consumers who purchased Ariel soap before advertising
campaign in television and the promotion who
purchased it after the advertising campaign?
Is a form of statement and the
truth/validity or certainty of any
statement is questionable.
Is simply a statement that something is
true.
Is a tentative explanation, a claim, or
assertion about people, objects, or event.
Is a procedure in making decision based on a
sample evidence or probability theory used to
determine whether the hypothesis is accepted
or rejected.
if the statement is found reasonable then,
the hypothesis is accepted, otherwise rejected.
Is the mean grade of students of HCDC enrolled in Economics
for the second semester of the school year 2014-2015 equals
2.35?

the mean grade of students of HCDC enrolled in Economics

for the second semester of the school year 2014-2015 is
2.35.

The null hypothesis is formulated for the purpose of either accepting or

rejecting it. The null hypothesis is accepted if the sample data fail to
provide with convincing evidence that it is false
Is a hypothesis to be considered as an alternative to the
null hypothesis.

The symbol Ha and read as H sub a is used to stand for

alternative hypothesis

Is there a significant difference in the mean life span

between Everyday and National batteries?

there is a significant difference in the life span between

the Eveready and National batteries
Committing an error in an activity is inevitable . In real
life situation we also can hardly come out with an
immediate decision because of fear to commit an error.

In hypothesis testing, there is also a possibility of

committing an error in deciding whether to accept or
reject the hypothesis

The information obtained form the sample used to

draw conclusion about the entire population is partial.
In testing hypothesis, there four possible outcomes,
two of which lead to incorrect decisions.
Type 1 error. Rejecting the null hypothesis
when in fact the null hypothesis is true

Type II Error. Not rejecting the null hypothesis

when in fact the null hypothesis is false
The probability of committing a type I error is the
probability of rejecting the true null hypothesis.

it is the probability that the test statistic will be in the

rejection region. Were in fact the null hypothesis is
TRUE

The probability of type I error is called the Level of

Significance of the hypothesis test and is denoted by
the Greek letter
The significance level of a hypothesis test is defined
to be the probability of committing a type I error. This is
the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis.

The probability of committing a type II error is the

possibility of not rejecting a false null hypothesis. It is
the probability that the test statistic will be the non-
rejection region. Were in fact the null hypothesis is
false.
It is determined by the Greek letter to denote the probability of type II
error. It depends on the value of
The choice of the Level of Significance depends on the
researcher who is willing to commit a type I error.
commonly used value of : 1%, 5%, 10% for
convenience as limits for how unlikely a value of mean
they will tolerate before rejecting hypothesis.

e.g. we decide on a significant level of 1%, that is =

0.01 we choose the cut off point, critical region, so that
if the Ho is true, only 1% of the possible of the mean are
less than the critical region.
 Problem
Suppose a researcher wishes to conduct a
study on whether there is a significant
difference on the weight of tomatoes planted
in pots using night soil and chicken dung as
organic fertilizers. The researcher conducted
the study by planting tomatoes in pots due to
lack of space in urban areas. He placed the
pots on the roof deck of the house
 Problem
Organic fertilizers
Night Soil Chicken dung
tomatoes X 9g) tomatoes X (g)
1 80 1 40
2 75 2 35
3 85 3 28
4 72 4 32
5 90 5 50
6 95 6 48
7 73 7 45
8 84 8 30
9 98 9 55
10 99 10 60
11 88 11 58
12 87 12 53
 Problem
Organic fertilizers
Night Soil Chicken dung
tomato X 9g) tomato X (g)
es es
1 80 1 40
2 75 2 35
3 85 3 28 Computation of the mean ()
4 72 4 32
5 90 5 50 = X1/N = 1026/12 = 85.5
6 95 6 48
= X2/N = 534/12 = 44.5
7 73 7 45
8 84 8 30 Variance
9 98 9 55
s21 = 85.36
10 99 10 60
11 88 11 58 S22 = 127
12 87 12 53
 Solution
Ho: there is no significant difference on the weight of
tomatoes planted in pots using night soil and chicken dung (
Ho:1=2)
Ha: there is a significant difference on the weight on the
weight of tomatoes planted in pots using night soil and
chicken dung. (Ha: 1 2)
Significance level = .01
two-tailed test is used because the Ha is non-directional
Degrees of freedom = N1 + N2 3
Tabular value : 2.831
Calculation of t value
1 = 85.5
2 = 44.5
S21 = 85.36
S22 = 127
N1 = 12
N2 = 12
t = 9.746

The computed value of t = 9.75 which is greater than the tabular value of t =
2.831, therefore reject Ho and accept Ha

There is a significant difference on the weight of tomatoes planted in pots

using night soil and chicken dung
 Assignment
Data from a school census show that the mean weight of college students was 45 kilos, with a standard deviation of 3 kilos.
A sample of 100 college students were found to have a mean weight of 47 kilos. Are the 100 college students really heavier
than the rest? Use = 0.05 significance level
A researcher wishes to find out whether or not there is significant difference between the monthly allowances of morning
and afternoon students in his school. By random sampling, he took a sample of 239 students in the morning session. These
students were found to have a mean monthly allowance of PhP 142.00. The researcher also took a sample of 209 students
in the afternoon session. They were found to have a mean monthly allowance of PhP 148.00. the total population of
students in that school has a standard deviation of PhP 40.00. Is there a significant difference between the two samples at
0.01 level of significance?
A sample survey of a television program in Davao City shows that 80 of 200 men dislike the same program. We want to
decide whether the difference between the two sample proportions, 80/200 = -.40 and s75/250 = .30, is significant or not at
0.05 level of significance
A researcher knows that the average height of Filipino women is 1.525 meters. A random sample of 26 women was taken
and was found to have a mean height of 1.56 meters with standard deviation of 0.10 meters. Is there a reason to believe
that the 26 women in the sample are significantly taller than the others at 0.05 significant level?
ABC company, a manufacturer of automobile tires claims that the average life of the product is 45,600 miles. A random
sample of 15 tires was chosen and resulted to a mean life of 43,500 miles with a standard deviation of 3,000 miles. Based of
the above results, at 0.01 level of significance , test the hypothesis that : H0: the mean life of the tires is 45,600