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ev*
152 ft-lbf 0 psi 80 % 0.00 bbl 0.00 bbl
Estabilizadores
FALLAS DE COMPONENTES DE
PERFORACION
SOLDADURA
=Broca PDC.avi
Vlvula Contra Presin
Esta herramienta es un sustituto normalmente corto (60 a 90 cm.), que
sirve para alojar un cartucho con una vlvula tipo check, que permite el
flujo hacia abajo, pero no de regreso (flujo a la inversa). Esto es de suma
importancia cuando el pozo aporta fluidos y la vlvula les impide el paso
hacia el interior de la sarta de perforacin.
Seccin de Potencia
Rotor
Estator
Seccin de Rodamientos
Rodamientos Radiales
Rodamientos Axiales
28
MOTORES DE FONDO
Vlvula de descarga:
3. Se puede ajustar en el
espacio libre entre
rotor/estator de acuerdo a las
condiciones del pozo.
MOTORES DE FONDO
1. Vlvula de descarga
2. Seccin de poder o
potencia
3. Seccin ajustable
4. Transmisin
5. Seccin de rodamientos
6. Seccin rotatoria
MOTORES DE FONDO
Caractersticas y Beneficios
33
Seccin de Potencia
Esta seccin consta de un rotor, (acero inoxidable)
un estator, (tubo de acero y elastmetro moldeado dentro de l.)
38
Temperatura y Desempeo
675 6750
Aumento de interferencia rotor/estator
Disminucin de eficiencia
Dao prematuro de estator
39
Punto de Anilina (Aniline Point)
40
Punto de Anilina (Aniline Point)
41
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
Punto de Ajuste
Interferencia=Dimetro mayor del rotor es
mayor que el dimetro menor del estator
Holgura=Dimetro mayor del rotor es
menor que el dimetro menor del estator
Estator
Rotor
42
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
43
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
44
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
45
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
Excesiva presin
46
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
47
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
Falla de adhesivo
48
Fallas tpicas de Estatores
49
MOTORES DE FONDO
Seccin Ajustable:
2. Compensa la vibracin
por la excentricidad del
bent housing
Posee conexiones
angulares para poder
hacer la graduacin del
Bent Housing
Sustituto de Angulo Variable o Ajustable
52
Sustituto de Angulo Variable o Ajustable
53
MOTORES DE FONDO
Seccin de rodamientos:
3. La camisa Estabilizadora
puede ser reemplazada.
Huecos verticales
Perforacin Direccional / Sidetracking
Perforacin Horizontal
Pozos Re-entry
Pozos bajo balance / Perforacion con aire
Cruce bajo rios
o
H = 1.962
o
H = 1.962
o
H = 1.962
ev*
152 ft-lbf 0 psi 80 % 0.00 bbl 0.00 bbl
Tasas de Construccion Estimadas
Presion diferencial
La diferencia de presion del sistema cuando el motor esta en
fondo(loaded / cargado) y cuando el motor esta fuera de fondo(
not loaded / no cargado )
Plena Carga
Indica la maxima presion diferencial operativa recomendada del
motor.
RPM
Las RPM del motor se determinan al entrar la presion diferencial
y proyectar verticalmente hasta interceptar la linea apropiada de
la tasa de flujo.
Torque
El torque del motor se determina al entrar la presion diferencial
proyectar verticalmente hasta interceptar la linea de torque.
Estabilizacion
Offset Kick Pad
Rotor Bypass
Impulse
SlimPulse
Power Pulse IMPulse SlimPulse
Diametros Drill Collar (OD 63/4 in., 81/4 in. & 91/2 in. 43/4 in. (51/4 in. wear band) 23/8 in. - 95/8 in.
Tipo telemetrisa Pulso Positivo Pulso Positivo Pulso Positivo
Velocidad de telemetria (bps) 0.5 to 16.0 0.5 to 3.0 0.5 to 1.0
Recuperable con cable No No Yes
Memoria No Yes Yes
Temp. Maxima C 150C (175C opt) 150C (175C opt) 150C (175C opt)
Fuente de poder Turbine generator Turbine generator Lithium batteries (400
hrs)
Max Curvatura /30 mts
Sliding 10 to 15 30 10 to 145
Rotando 4 15 4 to 40
Rango de flujo (gpm) 225 to 2000 130 to 400 35 to 1200
Presion maxima 25,000 psi 20,000 psi 20,000 psi (25,000 psi opt)
Tolerancia LMC kG/m3 140 (medium nut plug) 140 (medium nut plug) 140 (medium nut plug)
Depende del collar
Severidad sepuede aumentar limitando las RPM
SISTEMAS MWD
Power Pulse
Sirve para dimetros de hueco desde 7
Collar OD 4.75 in. API 6.75 in. API 8.25 in. API 9.50 in. API
Collar Longitud (nominal) 31.5 ft 31.5 ft 31.5 ft 31.5 ft
Collar Conecciones
Tope 31/2 in. IF Box 41/2 in. IF Box 65/8 in. Reg Box 75/8 in. Reg Box
Fondo 31/2 in. Pin 41/2 in. IF Pin 65/8 in. Reg Pin 75/8 in. Reg Pin
Max Tool Curvature
Sliding 30/100 ft 15/100 ft 12/100 ft 10/100 ft
Rotating 15/100 ft 4/100 ft 4/100 ft 4/100 ft
Maxima Presion 20,000 psi 20,000 psi 20,000 psi 20,000 psi
Max Temperatura 150C/300F 150C/300F 150C/300F 150/300F
Herramienta de alta 175C/350F 175C/350F 175C/350F 175C/350F
Rango de flujo 70-290 gpm 70-500 gpm 365-1150 gpm 365-1150 gpm
Caida de presion @ 1.31 gr/cc 528 psi@290 gpm 440 psi@800 gpm 546 psi@800 gpm 546 psi @ 800 gpm
LCM Tolerancia (med nut plug) 140 kg/m3 140 kg/m3 140 kg/m3 140 kg/m3
Slim Pulse
Collar Flexible (Pozos de radio Corto)
Collar OD 3.125 in. API 3.50 in. API 4.75 in. API
Collar Longitud (nominal) 30 ft 30 ft 30 ft
Max Curvatura
Sliding 143/100 ft 143/100 ft 70/100 ft
Rotando 40/100 ft 40/100 ft 40/100 ft
Resistividad
Rayos Gamma
Registros Sonicos
SISTEMAS LWD
Inlinacion en la Barrena
SISTEMAS LWD
Resistividad y Rayos Gamma
SlimPulse CDR
SISTEMAS LWD
Resistividad en la Barrena
Utilizado para determinar la cima
No es necesario deslizar
Desplazamiento total fue 10728 mts. Profundidad total medida fue 11273 mts.
125 Initials
Types of Jars
There are three basic types of jars
mechanical
Hydraulic
Hydro-Mechanical
126 Initials
Hydraulic Jarring Operations
Hydraulic jars work by using a hydraulic
fluid cushion to delay the tripping of the jar
until the desired pull/stretch in the string is
achieved.
The time delay is provided by hydraulic
fluid being forced through small jets
slowing movement of the mandrel.
When the inner mandrel enters the large
bore area, the oil is rapidly dumped
allowing the jar to fire.
127 Initials
HYDRAULIC JARS
Operating Principles
Large Bore Area Pressure Housing
Hydraulic
Fluid Pressure
Piston
Inner
Mandrel
128 Initials
HYDRAULIC JARS
Operating Principles
Pressure
Piston
Inner
Mandrel
129 Initials
Pump-Open Force Oppose cocking the
Assist firing the jar up
jar after firing up
131 Initials
HYDRAULIC DRILLING JARS
Advantages
132 Initials
HYDRAULIC DRILLING JARS
Disadvantages
133 Initials
Mechanical Jarring Operations
Mechanical jars work by using a series of
springs, lock and release mechanisms.
Mechanical jar trips down at a pre-selected
compressional force and up at a pre-
selected tensile force.
134 Initials
MECHANICAL JARS Down Adjusting sleeve
Mandrel
Trip Sleeve
Up Adjusting sleeve
Cocked
Loaded in up stroke
136 Initials
MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS
Applications
Vertical Wells
137 Initials
MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS
Advantages
Fast Recocking
Cost
138 Initials
MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS
Disadvantages
Limited Overpull
Affected by Drilling Torque
Not Suitable for Horizontal or Extended Reach Wells Greater than 30
Hole Angle
139 Initials
Jar Placement- Vertical Hole or less than 30
140 Initials
Forces Required to Fire Jars
All jars have a firing force envelope for each direction they fire in:
141 Initials
Pump Open Force
POF (lbs) = Area (in2) X Diff. Pressure (psi)
Pressure
Differential pressure Pressure differential between the drill pipe ID and the
at jar can be
approximated by annulus at the jar will tend to pump open the jar.
using the calculated
bit pressure drop.
In normal drilling, this will not have effect on either the
WOB or the jar itself.
Area
If the jar is in tension while drilling, the pump open force
will only tend to keep the jar extended.
143 Initials
Pump Open Force
Hydraulic Drilling Jars
Pump pressure effects cocking and down jarring.
Reduce pump to idle before attempting to cock up or jar down.
130,000
120,000
9 1/2 OD
110,000
Pump Open force (lbs.)
100,000
8 OD &
90,000 7 3/4 OD
80,000
70,000
60,000 6 1/2 OD
50,000 6 1/4 OD
40,000 4 3/4 OD
Big Bore
30,000
20,000 4 3/4 OD
Standard
10,000
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Differential Pressure (psi)
144 Initials
CLCULO DE LA MXIMA SOBRETENSIN (OVERPULL)
* Clculo del peso de la sarta de perforacin en el aire por encima del punto dbil (W sw)
Wim = W b + Tm + W sw
To = W i - W b - W s
Donde:
Wb = Peso del bloque
Wi = Lectura del indicador de peso
Ws = Peso de la sarta de perforacin en el aire por encima del punto de pega.
Ls = W i - W j + Lj + Dh - Pf
Ls = W i - W j - Lj - Dh - Pf
Donde:
Recuerde
Asegrese de que el martillo no este engatillado (con carga) antes de
trabajar la tubera hasta el lmite.
Sacando tubera - Accionar martillo hacia abajo.
Bajando tubera - Accionar martillo hacia arriba.
La fuerza de apertura de la bomba se aplica solamente circulando.
Calculating Trip Load- Mechanical Jar
In Tension
147 Initials
Calculating Trip Load- Mechanical Jar
In Tension
148 Initials
Successful Use of Jars
Drag does not allow sufficient force to be applied to fire jar (usually mechanical jars).
149 Initials
Directional Hole - > 30
Hevi-weight in curve
Mechanical Jar
Hevi-weight in curve
Hydraulic Jar
151 Initials
Successful Use of Jars
Applying the most appropriate jarring action
quickly is key to freeing stuck pipe
The calculations are uncomplicated, but in the heat
of the problem, small calculations can appear complex
Determine before hand the push/pull required to fire
the jars in either direction
Jarring should start in the opposite direction to that
which got the string stuck
152 Initials
Rules of Thumb for Drilling Jars
Avoid placing the jars below stabilizers, reamers, key seat
wipers or other tools with a larger O.D.
Place the jar at least two drill collar lengths above the top
stabilizer
Avoid placing jars and / or accelerator type tools in the
neutral position
Leave 3 to 5 feet of kelly above bushings to provide slack
off length to cock the jar
Maintain jar fully in tension or compression
153 Initials
Rules of Thumb for Drilling Jars
Avoid using jars as cross over point: DC to jar to HWDP
Run slowly through tight spots to avoid triggering
Replace mandrel clamps if provided anytime a jar is
above the rotary table
As a safety precaution do not stand the jar in the rack
with drill collars above it. The jar should be the top joint.
When two drilling jars are required in a BHA, it is
recommended that the jars have a minimum of 1,000 feet
between them.
154 Initials
Jarring Operations
155 Initials
Accelerator-Booster-Intensifier-Slinger
Applications
157 Initials
JAR PLACEMENT& NEUTRAL POINT CALCULATION
You are required to design an holding rotary assembly using the
following components:
158 Initials
BHA Pendular Para Hoyo de 26
Boq-13 / SF-177
INTEQ
01 DC 9 1/2
Stab. 26
15 HWDP 5
JAR 8
03 DC 9 1/2
01 DC 6 1/2 06 DC 8 1/4
Bit Sub
Mecha 26
INTEQ
X-O 6 5/8 Reg Box
x 7 5/8 Reg Pin
34000 LBS Below Jar 14 HWDP 5
25500 Above Jar
in air.
Monel 9 1/2
27500 Below Jar and 7 5/8 Reg Pin and Box
20630 Above Jar with
12.5 PPG Mud
x 6 5/8 Reg Pin
X-O 4 1/2 IF Box
01 DC 8 1/4
6 5/8 Reg Pin and Box MWD Dirc. 9 1/2
7 5/8 Reg Pin and Box
Float valve
AKO = 1.2
4 DC 8 1/4
6 5/8 Reg Pin and Box UBHs 17 1/4
Mecha 17 1/2
INTEQ
Monel 8
01 DC 6 1/2
MWD Dirc. 8
X-O 5 1/2 FH Box
x 4 1/2IF Pin 01 DC 8 1/4
Pony Monel 8
DP 5
JAR 8
Stab 12 1/8
Float valve
Motor 8 M1XL
Navidrill
03 HWDP 5 09 DC 8 1/4
AKO = 0.8
UBHs 12 1/8
Mecha 12 1/4
INTEQ
09 DC 8 1/4
10000 DP 5 1/2 FH
01 DC 6 1/2
Stab 12 1/8
DP 5
01 DC 8 1/4
Stab 12 1/8
Float valve
Motor 8 M1XL
Navidrill
03 HWDP 5
JAR 8 AKO = 0
UBHs 12 1/8
Mecha 12 1/4
INTEQ
09 DC 6 1/2
Stab 8 3/8
UBHs 8 3/8
Mecha 8 1/2
INTEQ
09 DC 6 1/2
Stab 8 3/8
10 HWDP 5
10000 DP 5 1/2 FH
01 DC 6 1/2
DP 5
Motor M1XL
JAR 6 1/2 6 3/4
AKO=0
UBHs 8 3/8
Mecha 8 1/2
168
Cardan o Transmisin
169
Cardan o Transmisin Wenzel
170
Cardan o Transmisin Titanio Flexible
171
Seccin de rodamientos
Tipos
Lubricados por Lodo
Con rodamientos de bolas
Con pistas de carburo de tungsteno
172
Seccin de rodamientos lubricados por lodo
173
Seccin de rodamientos lubricados por aceite
174
Seccin de rodamientos Fallas
175
Fallas por vibracin
Experimento de vibracin
176
Midiendo el GAP
177
Verificando Juego Radial
178
Verificando Juego rotacional
179
Rotor Catcher
180
Posicionamiento de las llaves
181
Antes de Bajar
182
Al sacar el motor
183
Ejemplo de documentacin IMARKS
184
Ejemplo de documentacin IMARKS
185
Basic Rotary Assemblies
Increase stiffness
Increase bit/DC size ratio wellbore contact
Increase DC weight Lt
Decrease WOB length of
Increase rotary speed pendulum
Problems ?
1
Fs Wc BF L t sin IN
2
tangency point (welllbore contact)
Lt
Fs Side force on bit (lbs)
Wc DC weight below tangency point (lbs/ft)
Lt Length of pendulum (ft)
Fs IN Inclination at tangency point (deg)
BF Buoyancy factor (-)
Generic Angle-Dropping
(Pendulum) Assembly
Bit
Drill collar, 30-90ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe
Pendulum Assembly - Tally
Drilling Parameters Used In BHA Analysis
Pendulum Assembly - Performance
The Fulcrum Principle
a b
Fulcrum Assembly - Tally
Fulcrum Assembly - Performance
Packed Hole Assembly
1 jt full length dc ~ 30 ft
short dc
The table shows the inclination and DLS values through the transitional
period
Packed Hole Assembly - Performance
Compete the Side Cutting Index (SCI) field. The SCI reflects the percentage of cutting action which occurs
in a sideways direction. An SCI of zero will not allow side cutting action, thus projecting the wellbore profile
at the existing hole curvature regardless of the BHA. An SCI of 100% will cause the wellbore to immediately
drill at the equilibrium rate. Experimentation should indicate values which are realistic for local conditions.
A range of 1-5% is a good initial assumption.
Packed Hole Assembly - Performance
30 ft (9m) 30 ft (9m)
5-20 ft
1.5~20m 30 ft (9m) 30-60 ft (9-18m)
Directional Assemblies
Traditional Assemblies :
straight motors or turbines with bent subs
Steerable Assemblies :
bent housing motors or turbines
Stabilized
Slick
Bit
Theoretical Dogleg Severity
R
Top stabilizer
Bend angle
200
DLS ( / 100ft )
L1 L2
L2
Motor stabilizer
Curved borehole
Bit
L1
Based on the assumption that the stabilizers are full gauge, and the bend is at the
motor stabilizer
3-Point Geometry Calculation
Vs. PLANIT BHA Analysis
IN = 5 IN = 35