UNIT 4:

COMMON TYPES OF
REACTIONS IN ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY

ADDITION REACTION
 PRE AND POST TEST

Mechanism is how reaction occur (T/F)

Addition reaction occur only for alkane. (T/F)
Substitution reaction divided into 2 types. (T/F)
Elimination reaction occur for haloalkane to
produce alcohol and halide ion. (T/F)
Grignard reagent are made by adding halogen to
magnesium. (T/F)

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 LLO
Understand the electrophilic addition
reaction.
Explain with written equations the electrophilic addition
reaction.
Write equations to show the reaction of symmetrical
and unsymmetrical alkenes with halogens, hydrogen
and hydrogen halides
Apply Markovnikoff's Rule in predicting the products in
addition reactions.
Explain with reaction equations the importance of the
ozonolysis reaction in determining the position of the
double bond in an alkene.
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 INTRODUCTION
Reaction will occur when reactant is
added.
Example of reaction:
Substitution reaction
Addition reaction
Elimination reaction
Condensation reaction
Redox reaction

How the reaction occur mechanisme

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 Example: reaction between A and B to produce
X and Y:

A + B X + Y

STEP 1:
A X + I
mechanisme

STEP 2:
B + I Y

I = Intermediate compound
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 ADDITION REACTION
Addition of 2 substances to produce new
substance. Often occur in unsaturated HC

Example of addition rxn:

Hydrogen addition reaction
Halogen addition reaction
Hydrogen halide addition reaction
Ozonolysis reaction

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 HYDROGEN ADDITION
REACTION

Alkene reacts with hydrogen at temperature

150oC with nickel as a catalyst, to produce
alkane.

Eg:
ALKENE + HYDROGEN ALKANE

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EXAMPLE 1
CH2 = CH2 + H2 Ni, 150oC CH3CH3
(ALKENE) (ALKANE)

EXAMPLE 2
CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 + H2 Ni, 150oC

CH3CH2CH2CH3

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 HALOGEN ADDITION
REACTION
Alkene reacts with halogen to produce
alkane.

Eg:
CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2 CH2
Br Br

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EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

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HYDROGEN HALIDE ADDITION
REACTION

Alkene reacts with hydrogen halide with

aluminium chloride (AlCl3) as a
catalyst to produce alkylhalide.

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 MARKOVNIKOV RULES

Hydrogen, H C > H @ < alkyl

Halogen, X C < H @ > alkyl

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 CH3CHBrCH3
Markovnikov rule

HBr
CH3CH = CH2

CH3CH2CH2Br
Without Markovnikov rule
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EXAMPLE 1
CH2 = CH CH3 + HBr AlCl3

2H 1H
Markovnikov rule:
Hydrogen, H C>H

H Br
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LETS TRY THIS
QUESTIONS

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 OZONOLYSIS REACTION

CH2 = CH2 + O3
ETHENE
ETHENE OZONIDE

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REDUCE BY HYDROGEN

O O
H2, Pt
HCH + HCH
Methanal Methanal

+ H2O
water

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 EXAMPLE
CH3CH2 CH = CH2 + O3

CH3CH2CH CH2

O O

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 REDUCING BY HYDROGEN
O

Pt
CH3CH2CH CH2 + H2

O O

CH3CH2C - H + HCH + H2O

O O
PROPANAL METHANAL #
 JUNE 2010
Write a structural formula and name according
to the IUPAC system the main product from the
reaction between the following compound.

CH3CH2CH2CH2C = CH2

CH3

And the following substances.

i. 1 mole of Cl2
ii. 1 mole HBr
iii. 1 mole HCl
iv. O3
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Based on the question before, show the
equation for reduction with hydrogen
and platinum (Pt) as a catalyst.

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THANK YOU