Polimer dan Pemrosesannya

DARMINTO
Jurusan Fisika FMIPA ITS
 Polimer di
JURUSAN FISIKA FMIPA ITS
Dimulai sejak kurikulum 1989-1994
(pembidangan di jurusan 4 bidang)
Sebagai MK Pilihan
Telah menghasilkan 30-an TA Mhs.
Menghasilkan 10 laporan penelitian
Menghasilkan 10 publikasi nasional
 TOPIK-TOPIK RISET
Polimer termoplastik (PE,PP,PS,PB, )
Polimer konduktif (PANi)
Komposit bermatrik polimer
Kajian struktur dan sifat-sifat :
- mekanik
- termal
- listrik
- cross-linking, blending, interfacing
Butir-butir Diskusi
Struktur polimer

Sifat Polimer

Pemrosesan
MOLEKUL POLIMER
KONFIGURASI RANTAI POLIMER

Kekuatan meningkat
KRISTAL POLIMER
POLIETILEN
RESPONS TARIKAN PADA POLIMER SEMIKRISTAL
Respons Tarikan pada Elastomer
Polimer Termoplastik
 Extrution
Spinning
Molding
PROSES
Blowing
Winding
Coating
 SINGLE SCREW EXTRUTION

Single screw extrusion is one of the core operations in polymer

processing and is also a key component in many other processing
operations. The foremost goal of a single screw extrusion process is to
build pressure in a polymer melt so that it can be extruded through a die
or injected into a mold. Most machines are plasticating: they bring in
solids in pellet or powder form and melt them as well as building
pressure.
 TWIN SCREW
EXTRUTION

Twin screw extrusion is used extensively for mixing, compounding, or

reacting polymeric materials. The flexibility of twin screw extrusion
equipment allows this operation to be designed specifically for the
formulation being processed. For example, the two screws may be
corotating or counterrotating, intermeshing or nonintermeshing. In
addition, the configurations of the screws themselves may be varied
using forward conveying elements, reverse conveying elements,
kneading blocks, and other designs in order to achieve particular
mixing characteristics.
 Dry spinning is used to form polymeric
fibers from solution. The polymer is
dissolved in a volatile solvent and the
solution is pumped through a spinneret
(die) with numerous holes (one to
thousands). As the fibers exit the
spinneret, air is used to evaporate the
solvent so that the fibers solidify and can
be collected on a take-up wheel.
Stretching of the fibers provides for
orientation of the polymer chains along
the fiber axis. Cellulose acetate (acetone
solvent) is an example of a polymer which
is dry spun commercially in large
volumes. Due to safety and environmental
concerns associated with solvent handling
this technique is used only for polymers
which cannot be melt spun.
DRY SPINNING
Melt spinning is the preferred method of
manufacture for polymeric fibers. The
polymer is melted and pumped through a
spinneret (die) with numerous holes (one to
thousands). The molten fibers are cooled,
solidified, and collected on a take-up
wheel. Stretching of the fibers in both the
molten and solid states provides for
orientation of the polymer chains along the
fiber axis. Polymers such as poly(ethylene
terephthalate) and nylon 6,6 are melt spun
in high volumes.

MELT SPINNING
 Filament winding is used for the
manufacture of parts with high fiber
volume fractions and controlled fiber
orientation. Fiber tows are immersed in a
resin bath where they are coated with low
or medium molecular weight reactants.
The impregnated tows are then literally
wound around a mandrel (mold core) in a
controlled pattern to form the shape of the
part. After winding, the resin is then
cured, typically using heat. The mold core
may be removed or may be left as an
integral component of the part.

FILAMENT WINDING
FILM BLOWING
The majority of polymer films are
manufactured by film blowing (blown film
extrusion). A single screw extruder is used to
melt the polymer and pump it into a tubular
die, as shown in cross-section at right. Air is
blown into the center of the extruded tube
and causes it to expand in the radial direction.
Extension of the melt in both the radial and
down-stream direction stops at the freeze line
(frost line) due to crystallization of the melt.
The nip rolls collect the film, as well as
sealing the top of the bubble to maintain the
air pressure inside. This process is used
extensively with polyethylene and
polypropylene.
INJECTION
MOLDING Injection molding is used extensively for the
manufacture of polymeric items. A reciprocating/rotating
screw both melts polymer pellets and provides the
pressure required to quickly inject the melt into a cold
mold. The polymer cools in the mold and the part is
ejected. Injection molding machines are sized primarily
by the force available in the mold clamping unit; ranging
from 20 tons in laboratory machines to over 5000 tons in
large commercial machines.
 BATCH
MIXING

Batch mixing is generally carried out using two specially designed

blades inside a temperature controlled chamber. It is most commonly
used for compounding and mixing of rubber formulations. Its most
important commercial use is the incorporation of carbon black and
other additives into rubber for the manufacture of automobile tires.
Laboratory size batch intensive mixers are extensively used for
characterization of materials and processes.
 Reaction injection molding (RIM) is a
processing technique for the formation of
polymer parts by direct polymerization in
the mold through a mixing activated
reaction. A simplified process schematic is
shown at right. Two reactive monomeric
liquids, designated in the figure as A and
B, are mixed together by impingement and
injected into the mold. In the mold,
polymerization and usually phase
separation occur, the part solidifies, and is
then ejected. Primary uses for RIM
products include automotive parts,
business machine housings, and furniture.

REACTION INJECTION MOLDING

Spin coating is the preferred method for
application of thin, uniform films to flat
substrates. An excess amount of polymer
solution is placed on the substrate. The
substrate is then rotated at high speed in
order to spread the fluid by centrifugal
force. Rotation is continued for some time,
with fluid being spun off the edges of the
substrate, until the desired film thickness
is achieved. The solvent is usually volatile,
providing for its simultaneous
evaporation.

SPIN COATING
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