Harsh & Hazardous

Location
Seminar Series

HAZARDOUS AREAS
Around the World
 I.E.C.
International Electro Technic
Commission

Objective - International Standards

 How Did We Get Here?

1906

Conduit Wiring is
invented

Crouse-Hinds makes
the first
Condulets
 How Did We Get Here?

1909

CEAG is
founded,
producing the
first
Mining Lantern
 How Did We Get Here?

1920
Classification of Division 1
first appears

Transportation Industry /
Refining of Fuels
 How Did We Get Here?

1947
Classification of Division 2 first
appears
Wanted Reduced Costs

Euro = Plastics
 How did we get here?

1960s
Division method of classification
still in use Worldwide
 How did we get here?

1970s
Zone method is introduced for the
first time. Europe adopts new
method.
 How did we get here?

World Electrical Standards &

Organizations
USA
Electrical
Standards

CSA
 Definitions
NEC - National Electrical Code (USA)
CEC - Canadian Electrical Code (Canada)
IEC - International Electro-technical Commission -
Electrical Code for certain European and Asian
countries
CENELEC - European Committee for Electro-technical
Standardization, which publishes standards for 19 EU
(European Union) countries
ATEX - Explosive Atmospheres Directive
 How did we get here?

1996
Zone method is adopted
in North America

New Classifications
New Equipment
 Zone Concept in N.A.

1996 1998
NEC - 505 CEC
Code
 Zone System
Zone 0 Area in which an explosive atmosphere
comprising a mix of air with flammable gases, vapours or
mists is present for long periods, or frequently present
Zone 1 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere
comprising a mix of air with flammable gases, vapours or
mists can form occasionally under normal operating
conditions.
Zone 2 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere
comprising a mix of air with flammable gases, vapours or
mists does not normally occur, or only occurs for a
short period under normal operating conditions

NEC Article 505.5 (A) (B)

Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 1 Example
Zone 2 Example
 Zone System

Zone 20 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form

of a cloud of combustible dust is present for long periods, or
frequently present
Zone 21 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form
of a cloud of combustible dust is present occasionally
under normal operating conditions.
Zone 22 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form
of a cloud of combustible dust does not normally occur or
occurs for a short period under normal operating conditions.
Comparison - Divisions & Zones

Common
Denominator

Prevent
Explosions
Comparison - Divisions & Zones

ZONE 0

DIVISION
1
ZONE 1

DIVISION ZONE 2
2
Comparison - Divisions & Zones

Vapors

Solvent
 NEC METHOD

Div 2

Div 1

Div 1
 IEC METHOD

ZONE 2

ZONE 1

ZONE 0
 IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Explosion Protection
IEC = Ex
Canada = Ex
CENELEC = EEx
USA = Aex
 IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Protective Techniques
Flameproof d
Intrinsic Safety i
Pressurization p
Increased Safety e
Restricted nR
Breathing m
Encapsulation q
Sand Filling
 IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Gas Group
IEC Groups NEC Groups
II C A
II C + H2 B
II B C
II A D
 IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Temperature Classes
IEC NEC

T1 - T6 T1 - T6

6 temperature classes 14 temperature classes

 IP Ratings

Ingress Protection Ratings: IP66

-First Digit is the protection against solids- dust
-Second Digit is the protection against liquids- water
- IP Ratings are similar to Nema ratings and have
nothing to do with the Explosion Protection- simply
dust and water protection. Therefore, it is entirely
possible to have an IP specification WITHOUT an EEx
or hazardous area specification.
 Nema vs IP Ratings

Nema Enclosure Type IEC Enclosure Designation

3 IP54
3R IP54
3S IP54
4 and 4X IP66
5 IP52
6 and 6P IP67
12 and 12X IP52
 Factors of Safety
Testing

If all products that are manufactured are

tested, a 1.5 Factor of Safety is required.

If random testing is performed,

a 4.0 Factor of Safety is required.
Normal Ignition Source
Possible Ignition Source - NEC

Division 1
ESWP Contact Block Terminals
Possible Ignition Source - NEC

Division 2
ESWP Contact Block Terminals
Unlikely Ignition Source - IEC

ZONE 1
Increased Safety Terminals
Contact Blocks
 Lighting

Zone 2
Called Restricted Breathing, Ex-nR

Fluorescents look like enclosed &

gasketed

Division 2 HIDs same

 Reasons to Change
Technical
Eliminate Seals

Different Wiring Practices

Smaller Enclosures

$$$ = ???
 Reasons to Change
Elimination of Seals?
Ex Standards eliminate seals.
Aex Seals still required:
- boundaries conditions
- flameproof enclosures
- increased safety protection

(NEC Article 505-15a2, 15a3)

 Reasons to Change
Commercial

Harmonize Codes

One Source of Specs & Standards and

Equipment
Less Expensive Alternatives
Wiring Methods - N.E.C.
Wiring Methods - I.E.C.
IEC Installations
 What is ATEX?

ATEX is the Explosive Atmospheres directive 94/9 C

which covers equipment used in hazardous areas
Adopted in 1994 with a transition period ending
6/30/03. After this date, all products sold and used in
the EU must conform to requirements of the directive.
In order to sell/use hazardous area products in
Europe/Asia, CENELEC approval to the ATEX directive
is mandatory.
Manufacturing - Required Changes

Manufacturers must first be ISO certified

The facility will undergo a quality system audit by a
CENELEC testing authority to verify the plant adheres
to the ISO quality procedures.
Many products require design changes or
modifications
All products require new compliance's to be marked
on the products nameplate
New testing(very expensive) is required in order to
meet the CENELEC/ATEX standards and directives
 ATEX Markings

Uses CE marking, along with Ex symbol

May list ATEX certificate number - however NOT
required on product
Many ETLs (engineering test labs) such as UL, CSA,
FM, PTB, SAA, KEMA & BASEEFA will approve
products

Example: EEx d IIC T6 IP66

 Fittings

Cable vs Conduit Culture Shock - most other

countries use cable because of labor, cost savings
and superior corrosion resistance
Condulets and other conduit fittings will most likely
never receive CENELEC/ATEX because they are
overkill
Cable glands - brass, nickel-plated brass, stainless
steel, non-metallic are used EVERYWHERE in
Europe and Asia. Crouse-Hinds acquired 2
companies in the UK that have 30 plus years of mfg.
cable glands - Peppers and Capri (see brochures)
 ATEX Groups
Apparatus Group I applies to mining operations that
may be endangered by methane gas and/or
combustible dusts
Apparatus Group II applies to apparatus used in all
other areas that can be subject to the hazard of an
explosive atmosphere.
Apparatus Group III applies to apparatus used in
areas with conductive dusts

Groups are further divided into categories

 ATEX Categories
Apparatus Group I
1. Category M1 The apparatus must continue to work, even in
the event of infrequent failures coinciding with an existing
explosive atmosphere and must feature such protective
measures against explosion that:
- if one constructional protective measure fails, at least one
other independent constructional measure will ensure the
required safety, or
- if two independent faults occur in combination, the required
safety is still ensured
2. Category M2- If the explosive atmosphere occurs, it must be
possible to switch off the apparatus.
 ATEX Categories

Apparatus Group II
Category 1 The apparatus is intended for use in
areas in which an explosive atmosphere is present
continuously or for long periods of time
Category 2 - The apparatus is intended for use in areas
in which an explosive atmosphere occurs
occasionally
Category 3 The apparatus is intended for use in
areas in which no occurrence of an explosive
atmosphere is expected. If it does occur, it is only
rarely or for a short period of time
 ATEX Product Markings

II 1G Group II Category 1 (Zone 0 apparatus)

II 2G Group II Category 2 (Zone 1 apparatus)

II 3G Group II Category 3 (Zone 2 apparatus)

G=gases, liquids,vapors D=dust

 ATEX Product Markings

II 1D Group II Category 1 (Zone 20 apparatus)

II 2D Group II Category 2 (Zone 21 apparatus)

II 3D Group II Category 3 (Zone 22 apparatus)

G=gases, liquids,vapors D=dust

Complete Product Markings for ATEX
PRODUCTS
 Terminal Boxes
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

Connections for lighting,

instrumentation & power
From 8 to 396 connections
Accepts all conduit or cable entries
 Enclosure Entries
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

Zone 1 Myers hubs & metric adapters

zinc or stainless steel
Zone 1 brass cable glands
Zone 2 nonmetallic glands
Zone 2 Teck connectors
Ex-d flameproof bushings
 Enclosure Entries

Field drilling of flameproof, Ex-d, enclosures is not

allowed. To maintain the IEC or CENELEC
certificate, these enclosures can only be modified
by the manufacturer.
 Entries into all Enclosures
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

Nonmetallic Ex-e
Nonmetallic Ex-e with brass plates
Stainless steel
Ex-d flameproof enclosures
 Control Stations
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

One product meets all worldwide

codes & standards
Worldwide approvals
Choice of wiring methods
cover-mounted contact blocks
base-mounted contact blocks
Single or double entry
enclosures
 Control Stations

Div 1 Zone 1

Div 2
Panelboards
 Ex-de Distribution Panels
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

One product meets all worldwide codes & standards

UL, cUL, PTB certified
Corrosion-resistant nonmetallic enclosure
UV resistant
NEMA 4X, IP 66 construction
Ex-de protection
Impact resistant
Factory sealed
Universal wiring for conduit or cables
factory wired to terminal blocks
 Control
Must have Ex-e
terminals

More non-metallic
enclosures

Ex-de components
in
IP 54 boxes

Other components in
dual rated enclosures
 Lighting

Cultural Issue:
HID
in North America
vs.
Fluorescent
in Europe
IEC 309 Plugs & Receptacles
Intrinsic Safety
Major Users
 Products for: Fire, Gas, Control and
Communications Systems

Manual Call Points Sounders

Horns
Status
Lamps

Industrial &
Marine
Control &
Distribution
Beacons Heat
Speakers Strobes Detector
 Conclusions
Strive for harmonization of worldwide electrical standards
USA and Canada must develop a single North-American standard,
while Europe/Asia stick to a single IEC standard
Crouse-Hinds has you covered for all XP needs
None of our competitors can offer the breadth of worldwide products
that we have
Crouse-Hinds will introduce more SpecOne products, eliminating any
concerns about where they can be used or sold
Heaters, Strobes, Horns, Bells, Manual Motor Starters, Disconnect
Switches, Molded Products, Airport Lighting, Wiring Devices are also
available today with ATEX certification
 Where to look..

WWW.CROUSE-HINDS.COM
Where to look
QUESTIONS
&
ANSWERS
Harsh & Hazardous
Location
Seminar Series

Thank you!