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Population growth.
Minimize travel time.
Pollution ( air, water, noise).
Energy efficiency of transport.
Uneven development of modes.
Development Goals
What goals should govern research and development for the future?
There are several possible areas for improvement.
Speed
Accessibility
Intensive land use
Transport alternatives
Development Goals-Speed
High speed is a definite need for intercity and corridor travel of the
future. If the extension of suburban areas and commuting travel
time continue, higher speeds will be needed to bring people and
goods to and from decentralized zones within urban complexes.
A major thrust is the reducing of door-to-door travel time to a
point that it is competitive with the air plus ground time of air
travel.
Commercial jet aircrafts already fly at speeds of 600+ mph. It is
probable that conventional land modes can be improved to move
at speeds of 125 to 200 mph.
The costs of developing new land modes at faster speeds demand
that speeds must be significantly higher to justify research and
development costs.
Hence 300 to 500 mph may be considered the probable range for
such vehicles.
Such speeds would permit one-day business round trips between
major city pairs.
Development Goals-Accessibility
MOVING SIDEWALKS
Short Term Improvement-Bicycles
Problems of traffic congestion and human health may be
solved by bicycle transport over distances of one to three
miles.
Safe and adequate bikeways to be provided to facilitate
direct access to destinations.
Short Term Improvement-Bicycles
Short Term Improvement-Rail Improvements
Speed, comfort and dependability characterize rail travel.
State of the Art rapid transit cars combine new concepts in
automated control with improved springing and suspension,
coupling devices, heating, air-conditioning, and interior dcor and
comfort.
The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) [serving San Francisco Bay Area in
California] contains a variety of features that make rail suburban
service attractive
Features of innovative interests are; the systems of automatic train
control and dispatching, low noise levels, high speed, automatic
ticketing, electronic destination signs and pleasing dcor and
seating.
Light rail systems with lower construction and operating costs high
capacity and updated for speed and comfort are offering transport
solutions for cities too small ( less than 500,000 population) for full
scale rapid transit.
Short Term Improvement-Rail Improvements [cont..)
Electrification of selected intercity rail lines is a likely prospect for
the near future, especially as liquid fuel shortages and demand for
less air pollution increase.
Concrete offers an alternative for the decreasing supply of tie
wood.
Automated classification yards and improved scheduling speed
traffic between and through terminals.
Automated car identification (ACI) and computerized control of car
movements, both loaded and empty , are improving the efficiency
of car usage.
Coordination between highway and rail is secured with trailer-on-
flat-car (TOFC) and containerization (COFC) with much package
freight being shifted.
Characteristics of Rail Roads