Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
KODAMBAKAM
R. Shanmugapriya
311513418014
INTRODUCTION
Materials management is a vital function for improving productivity in construction
projects.
The management of materials should be considered at all the phases of the construction
process and throughout the construction and production periods.
This is because poor materials management can often affect the overall construction time,
quality and budget.
It is important for planning and controlling of materials to ensure that the right quality
and quantity of materials and installed equipment are appropriately specified in a timely
manner, obtained at a reasonable cost, and are available when needed.
Definition of Construction Material Management:
To get
Buying or Purchasing
Quality assurance
Secondary Objectives of Materials Management :
Material handling
Purchasing
Store Keeping
Inventory Control
Purchase the materials and have the services from supplier to get the support of operations as the construction
project from production to marketing, sales and logistics. For examples, a detailed material list and co-
ordination of the purchasing and order of material are significant to assuring the material will available on
construction site.
According to Ninad Shah and Manish Dave Purchasing procedure can be described as below:
The duties of the inventory control department is to decide about the types of
ordering system, fixing the safety stock limits, fixing up the reorder level & maximum /
minimum stock level.
The Value Analysis and Standardization offer greatest scope, in reducing the
materials cost. It also reduce the number of varieties and also helps in finding the
substitute for the materials at lesser cost.
6. Logistics
Stock control can categorize as a technique planned to be the cover and to ensure all materials or
equipment are available when needed.
Stock control include raw materials, processed materials, assembly components, consumable stores,
general stores, maintenance materials and spares, work in progress and finished products.
It is very important as the construction materials were delivery as requested and with the progression by
the proper management of stock control.
At the same time, construction activities will generate big amount of the waste and it will cause difficulty
to the construction industry.
However, with the planning of the material management which is effective will help to reduce the waste
of material and increase the profit of the companies.
Problems of Material Management
1. Organization Structure
The coordination and communication between estimating department, research and development department,
purchasing department, and plant and machineries department should be maintained at highest level
Undefined scope
Incomplete drawings Plans are not completed and details are missing
Availability of quantity
Re handling of materials
And the term storage space implies both enclosed and open space that can be used to keep materials
All materials need protection against many threats such as pilferage, theft, damage or loss. Material
such as aggregates, bricks/blocks may not require enclosed storage protection than proper outdoor
positioning and stacking. However, other materials such as reinforcement bars, steel columns, timber,
and galvanized steel for trusses must be protected against contact with water in order to avoid
rust/corrosion.
The size of proposed building may occupy 60% of the total project site, enabling the remaining 40%
to be used for temporary access and site facilities. In such case, the planners must arrange for periodic
delivery of certain materials to avoid cluttering the space, and maintain constant operation to keep the
4. Security Problem
Continuity of supply
Enhancement of communication
Definition:
Inventory control can be defined as, which ensures the supply of
required quantity and quality of inventory at the required time and at the
same time prevent unnecessary investment in inventories
Objectives of Inventory Control
To ensure that the supply of raw material & finished goods will remain continuous
so that production process is not halted and demands of customers are duly met.
The Pareto principle states that 80% of the overall consumption value is
based on only 20% of total items. In other words, demand is not evenly
distributed between items: top sellers vastly outperform the rest. The
ABC approach states that, when reviewing inventory, a company should
rate items from A to C, basing its ratings on the following rules:
1.ABC Analysis
The ABC (Always Better Control) inventory control technique is based on the
principle that a small portion of the items may typically represent the bulk of money
value of the total inventory in construction process, while a relatively large number
of items may from a small part of the money value of stores. The money value is
ascertained by multiplying the quantity of material of each item by its unit price.
Procedure for ABC Analysis
Determine the annual volume of usage & money value of each item.
Compute each items percentage of the total inventory in terms of annual usage in rupees
A Category 5% to 10% of the items represent 70% to 75% of the money value.
B Category 15% to 20% of the items represent 15% to 20% of the money.
C Category The remaining number of the items represent 5% to 10% of the money value.
The relative position of these items show that items of category A should be under the maximum
control, items of category B may not be given that much attention and item C may be under a loose
control.
EOQ analysis
The EOQ refers to the order size that will result in the lowest total of ordering and
carrying costs for an item of inventory. If a firm place unnecessary orders it will
incur unneeded order costs. If a firm places too few order, it must maintain large
stocks of goods and will have excessive carrying cost.
Technologies in construction Material Management
The tools used in the construction industry change constantly with the
continuous changes of technology. Researchers are finding ways to
apply those changes in technology to construction in order to improve
production and lower the cost of the operations.
Bar Codes Applications to Material Management
Bar code applications in construction are mostly intended to provide accuracy in data
collection, to improve productivity and to save time in the data collection process.
Typically, bar codes are used for materials and inventory management.
The scope of bar codes extends beyond materials management.
Bar codes provide the advantage of relatively error free data collection, which
improves productivity and avoid errors.
Some construction firms that use bar codes claim that it saves time, money and
labor while improving the accuracy of inventory.
The major applications of bar code to material management identified in
previous research can be identified as follow
A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is an automated data collection system similar to
bar code. RFID applications in construction are mostly intended to provide accuracy in data
collection, to improve productivity and to save time in the data collection process.
uses radiofrequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify,
categorize,track..
Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.
Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that allows for wide range of
applications.
How RFID Works:
There are two primary components of an RFID system as shown in Figure The whole RFID
system requires the tags and the reader including an antenna to be operated
Details of RFID System Components
Antenna Antenna is the conductive element that enables the tag to send
and receive data
Passive RFID Tags
Passive RFID Tag
Generally, passive tags have shorter read ranges of a few inches to 30 feet, but
The passive RFID tags consist of a microchip attached to an antenna and can be
RFID label (or smart label), embedded in a plastic card, a key fob, the wall of a
plastic container, and special packaging (to resist heat, cold or harsh cleaning
chemicals)
Do not require power Draws from Interrogator Field
Active RFID tags have their own internal power supply and are rewritable.
The features of the active tags are much larger and heavier, and more expensive, but have a better
noise protection than passive tags.
However, they have a shorter battery life of up to 10 years, with read range of 60 feet to 300 feet
(20 metres to 100 metres).
The example of the active RFID tags can be shown in Figure 5. Active tags are more reliable in
environments such as water (including human/cattle, which are mostly water), metal (shipping
containers, vehicles), or at longer distances for generating strong responses from weak requests.
They also have larger memories than passive tags and the ability to store additional information
sent by the transceiver
Some RFID Tags
RFID READER
Uses of RFID:
RFID had been used for material tracking and material receipt in the construction
industry.
Material Tracking: Material as the move in the jobsite since direct contact is not
required for data collection. This can avoid theft and lost since managers can
notice when materials are not where they are supposed to be.
Materials Receipt: Materials can be easily verified as they arrive to the site. The
type of materials received can be known easily and verify if the right quantities
were received.
RFID Applications
Good planning of materials management can help to avoid any delays of works on site and reduce any extra
cost for a project.
It is important to manage all materials and inventory throughout construction activity and processes
It discussed the materials management on construction projects and potential to employ RFID in materials
management practices.
It clearly identified that these are important for effectively managing materials management in the
construction project in order to provide better handling of construction materials to provide an overall
performance of construction projects in term of time, budget (cost) and quality.