WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT UNIVERSE?

1. REFLECT INDIVIDUALLY
2. SHARE AND DISCUSS WITH YOUR
CLASSMATES YOUR IDEAS
3. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR
NOTEBOOKS (INDIVIDUALLY)
4. THE SPEAKER SHARES YOUR WORK WITH
THE REST OF YOUR CLASS
5. CORRECT YOUR ANSWERS ACCORDING
TO THE OTHER GROUPS WORK
IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL

STUDY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANET WE LIVE

ON, THE EARTH
IDENTIFY THE EARHTS PLACE IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

LEARN ABOUT THE EARTHS MOVEMENT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

LEARN ABOUT LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

CALCULATE THE TIME IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES ON A MAP

INDENTIFY THE WAYS THAT WE REPRESENT THE EARTH ON MAPS

THE UNIVERSE IS MADE UP THE UNIVERSE
OF ALL THE
ASTRONOMICAL OBJECTS A short video about how
THAT ARE FOUND IN THE Universe was formed (3:00)
SPACE
HOMEWORK
ACCORDING TO THE BIG
BANG THEORY, THE
LISTEN, UNDERSTAND, REFLECT AND WRITE
Choose one of the 2 talking videos of this slide
UNIVERSE FORMED ALMOST (they are on the weebly).

14 BILLION YEARS AGO

1)Watch it taking notes in a draft paper (stop
and watch the video as many times as you need
it). Paste those notes folded in your notebook
2) Summarize the most important ideas and
write them in your notebook.
3) Summarize it in your own words adding your
THE BIG BANG WAS A opinion and point of view.

GIGANTIC EXPLOSION
THAT PROPELLED
MATTER AND ENERGY
INTO SPACE TO CREATE
GALAXIES
TO KNOW UNIVERSE. A MUTE VIDEO IN WHICH
THIS VIDEO SHOWS HOW SMALL THE THE DIMENSIONS AND SIZE OF THE EARTH
EARTH IS COMPARED TO OTHER RESPECT TO THE UNIVERSE IS SHOWED IN A
THINGS IN THE UNIVERSE. (3:33) SCIENTIFIC WAY (8 )
A PLANETARY SYSTEM IS THE SOLAR SYSTEM
FORMED OF A STAR AND
ALL THE OBJECTS
ORBITING IT
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
INCLUDES THE SUN
TOGETHER WITH THE EIGHT
PLANETS AND THEIR MOONS
AND SATELLITES AS WELL
AS ALL OTHER BODIES THAT
ORBIT THE SUN

THERE ARE OTHER

ASTRONOMICAL
OBJECTS IN SPACE:

ASTEROIDS
COMETS A very easy and simple song about
METEORS theSolar System (3: 30)

The planets discuss Plutos rejection

from their exclusive Club (1: 30)
 THE EARTH THE EARTH
FORMED AROUND
4,6 BILLION YEAR
AGO

THIS IS THE ONLY

PLANET IN THE SOLAR
SYSTEM WHERE LIFE
EXISTS. THIS IS THE
RESULT OF 3
IMPORTANT FACTORS

1. THE EARTH DISTANCE FROM THE SUN MEANS

THAT IT HAS THE RIGHT TEMPERATURE

2. IT HAS AN ATMOSPHERE, WHICH IS A LAYER

OF GASES ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE AND THAT
PROTECTS IT FROM HARMFUL RADIATION.

3.IT HAS LIQUID WATER, WHICH IS NECESSARY

FOR ALL LIVING THINGS
 THE UNIVERSE IS CONTINUALLY MOVING

AND SO ARE ALL THE

CELESTIAL BODIES IT
CONTAINS

1 The Milky Way spins around its central point completing a full
rotation every 255 million years

2 Our Solar System spins around the centre of the Milky Way

3 The Earth is also continually moving. It moves in two ways:

Rotation and Revolution
THE EARTH ROTATION REFERS TO THE THE EARTHS ROTATION
WAY IT SPINS ON ITS IMAGINARY AXIS.
IT TAKES ONE SOLAR DAY TO
COMPLETE ONE ROTATION: SLIGHTLY
LESS THAN 24 HOURS (23h, 564)

1 DAY AND NIGHT

AT ANY MOMENT IN TIME THE SUNS
LIGHT ONLY ILLUMINATES (and heats)
PART OF THE EARTHS SURFACE, (day)
WHILE THE REST OF THE EARTH IS IN
DARKNESS (night)
2 THE SUNS APPARENT
MOVEMENT on the horizon 3 THE EXISTENCE OF THE
HOURS OF THE DAY
WHEN WE LOOK UP AT THE SUN DURING
THE DAY, IT APPEARS TO BE RISING IN
THE EAST (dawn) AND SETTING IN THE
WEST (dusk or sunset)
 TIME ZONES

Our point of reference is the prime meridian at 0:

We divide the earth into 24 as we go east through each time zone, we set the
equal parts that correspond clock forward by one our
to the 24 hours of a day or as we go west through each time zone we set the
time zones. As the earth is a clock back by one hour
sphere of 360, each time
zone is 15 across. There is
one hour in a time zone

Imagine you have a friend in Japan. Do

you think it would be a good idea to
phone him at 4 pm Spanish time? What
about if your friend lives in New York?
Explain your answers
TIME ZONE
TIME ZONE
 THE EARTHS REVOLUTION

THE EARTHS ELLIPTICAL

ORBIT AROUND THE SUN
IS CALLED A
REVOLUTION. IT TAKES
THE EARTH JUST OVER A
YEAR (365 DAYS AND SIX
HOURS) TO COMPLETE A
FULL REVOLUTION

WE ADD AN EXTRA DAY TO

THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY
EVERY FOUR YEARS TO
COMPENSATE FOR THE
EXTRA SIX HOURS

A YEAR WITH 366

DAYS IS CALLED
A LEAP YEAR
 THE EARTHS REVOLUTION

THE EARTHS REVOLUTION

AND ITS TILTED AXIS OF
ROTATION DETERMINE:
THE SEASONS

THE CHANGING ANGLE OF THE SUNS RAYS AS THEY

REACH THE EARTHS SURFACE GIVES RISE TOTHE
SEASONS

SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN AND WINTER

LENGH OF DAY AND
THE CHANGING

DUE TO THE TILT OF THE EARTHS AXIS AS IT ORBITS

NIGHT

THE SUN, EACH HEMISPHERE IS ILLUMINATED

DIFFERENTLY
THE EARTHS REVOLUTION
 ONLY THE DRAWING
CLIMATE ZONES
THE TILT OF EARTHS AXIS OF ROTATION INFLUENCES THE WORLDS CLIMATE
ZONES. THE SUNS RAYS REACH INTERTROPICAL REGIONS AT A DIRECT ANGLE FOR
MOST OF THE YEAR. HOWEWER, THEY REACH THE EARTHS SURFACE AT MUCH
SMALLER ANGLE CLOSER TO THE POLES.

CONSEQUENTLY, DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE EARTHS

SURFACE RECEIVE VARYING AMOUNTS OF SOLAR ENERGY
THE TWO POLAR REGIONS RECEIVE LITTLE
SOLAR ENERGY. TEMPERATURES ARE
ALWAYS VERY LOW, AND THERE ARE BIG
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LENGTH OF
DAY AND NIGHT

THE TROPICS RECEIVE THE GREATEST

AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY. LITTLE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SEASONS
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

IN THE TWO TEMPERATE ZONES THE

NUMBER OF DAYLIGHT HOURS
GRADUALLY FALLS BETWEEN THE
SUMMER AND THE WINTER
SOLSTICES. THERE ARE FOUR SEASONS
CLIMATE ZONES
 MAPS
MAPS ARE REPRESANTIONS OF ALL, OR PART, OF THE
EARTH ON A FLAT SURFACE.
THE STUDY AND
PRACTICE OF MAKING
WE USE MAPS IN DIFFERENT WAYS: MAPS IS CALLED
-TO LOCATE A PLACE CARTOGRAPHY
-TO IDENTIFIY GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
(LANDS, RELIEF AND WATER)
- TO COLLECT OTHER TYPES OF
INFORMATION
 MAP
MAPS DISTORT THE EARTHS SURFACE BECAUSE PROJECTIONS
THEY ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF A THREE
DIMENSIONAL OBJECT IN A FLAT SURFACE

WE USE A TECHNIQUE CALLED MAP PROJECTION TO MAKE MAPS

THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT MAP PROJECTIONS. EACH ONE OF

THEM DISTORTS AT LEAST ONE ASPECT OF THE REAL WORLD,
EITHER SHAPE, AREA OR DISTANCE. THE MOST IMPORTANT ARE:

CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION ONTO CONICAL

PROJECTION A PLANE PROJECTION

THIS IS QUITE ACCURATED THIS CAN BE ONLY USED

THIS IS GOOD TO
AT THE EQUATOR BUT TO SHOW PART OF THE
REPRESENT THE POLES
DISTORTED AT THE POLES EARTH
 THEY ARE IMAGINARY LINES
PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS
THAT CROSS TO FORM A GRID,
THAT ALLOWS US TO LOCATE
ANY POINT ON THE EARHTS
SURFACE

PARALLELS ARE
IMAGINARY LINES THAT
RUN EAST TO WEST.
THE MOST FAMOUS IS
THE EQUATOR
MERIDIANS ARE
WHICH CIRCLES THE IMAGINARY LINES THAT
EARTH AT AN EQUAL RUN FROM THE NORTH
DISTANCE FROM THE POLE TO THE SOUTH
POLES. IT DIVIDES THE POLE.
EARTH INTO TWO THE PRIME MERIDIAN
EQUAL HALVES, THE OR GREENWICH IS AT 0.
NORTHERN THE OTHER MERIDIANS
HEMISPHERE AND THE RUN 180 EAST AND
SOUTHERN 180 WEST FORM THE
HEMISPHERE PRIME MERIDIAN
 SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT
WHICH IS THE 0
MERIDIAN NAMED
GREENWICH?

WHICH PARALLEL SEPARATES THE

HEMISPHERES?
WHICH PARALLALES ARE IN THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE AND WHICH IN THE
SOUTHERN?

WHAT CONDITIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR LIFE A GIGANTIC

TO EXIST?
IT EXPLAINS
EXPLOSION THAT THE ORIGIN
PROPELLED MATTER OF THE
AND ENERGY INTO UNIVERSE
WHAT IS THE BIG BANG THEORY?
SPACE TO CREATE
GALAXIES
 WORK IN PAIRS: LOCATE EVERY POINT BY
GIVING THE GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE

75N, 90W

60N, 120W 60N, 60e

30N,180E
15S, 45W

30S ,0 15S 75 E

0, 150W

45S, 150W

60S, 120W
 DATE OF PRODUCTION SCALE
IT IS THE RATIO BETWEEN A
DISTANCE ON THE GROUND
AND ITS REPRESENTATION
TITLE ON A MAP . THERE ARE TWO
TYPES
LEGEND GRAPHIC, WHEN A
NUMERICAL, WHEN
LINE IS DIVIDED
IT LISTS THE SYMBOLS USED IN INTO EQUAL PARTS IT IS THE
A MAP AND WHAT THEY THAN CAN BE RELATIONSHIP
DEPICT MEASURED BY A BETWEEN A UNIT OF
RULER DISTANCE ON A
MAP AND THE REAL
DISTANCE
FIND PLASENCIA AND 1: 100.000
MERIDA ON THE MAP. (1cm=1km)
USE THE NUMERICAL
SCALE TO CALCULATE
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN
THEM
(pag. 17, activity 29)

SOURCE

ELEMENTS OF A MAP
 TYPES OF MAPS
THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAPS. THE
MOST IMPORTANT ARE THE FOLLOWING:

TOPOGRAPHIC
THEMATIC MAPS PLANS
MAPS
THEY SHOW A PARTICULAR
THEY SHOW THE MAIN THEY ARE VERY LARGE
FEATURE OF AN AREA,
NATURAL AND MAN-MADE SCALE MAPS OF A SMALL
USING SYMPOLS OR
FEATURES OF AN AREA, AREA, LIKE A TAWN OR A
COLOURS. THEY GIVE
SUCH AS MOUNTAINS, NEIGHBOURHOOD AND
INFORMATION SUCH AS
RIVERS, LAKES, TOWNS INCLUDE A LOT OF DETAIL
CLIMATE, NATURAL
AND ROADS
RESOURCES.
HOW TO READ A
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

GO TO PAGE 19 AND
COMPLETE THE ACTIVITIES
FROM 34 TO 38
A GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE THE GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
SYSTEM IS A SYSTEM THAT
ENABLES TO IDENTIFY EVERY LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE
LOCATION ON THE EARTH

THIS IS POSSIBLE BY
ESTABLISHING ITS
GEOGRAPHIC
COORDINATES, WHICH
DESCRIBE THE EXACT
POSITION WHERE A
PARALLEL AND
MERIDIAN MEET, IN
DEGREES
WE MEASURE PARALLELS IN
LATITUDE IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN A POINT ON DEGREES, MINUTES AND
THE EARTHS SURFACE AND THE EQUATOR.
SECONDS.
THE EQUATOR IS A 0 ANT THE POLES ARE AT
90
LONGITUDE IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN A POINT ON THE EARTHS
SURFACE AND THE PRIME MERIDIAN. WE MEASURE IT IN
DEGREES, MINUTES AND SECONDS. IT GOES FROM 0 AT THE
PRIME MERIDIAN TO 180 W (WEST) OR TO 180 E (EAST)