Solar cooling

Wimolsiri Pridasawas
Teclemariam Nemariam

Solar cooling
 Contents
• Introduction
• Solar cooling path and local conditions
• Performances
• Refrigerants
• Heat-driven systems
• Electricity-driven systems
• Comparisons
• Review from the ISES congress

Solar cooling
 Solar Cooling Paths
D e s s ic a n t c y c le

E je c to r c y c le
2 0 °C
3 0 0 °C

R a n k in e c y c le A ir -c o n d itio n in g
C o n c e n tra tin g
heat
1 5 0 °C 1 5 °C
S o la r T h e rm a l ETC
A b s o r p tio n
C o lle c to r s 1 0 0 °C
- F la t P la t e F la t P la te
-E v a c u a te d T u b e 7 0°C
- C o n c e n tr a t in g
A d s o r p tio n 8 °C

Food,
C h e m ic a l r e a c tio n V a c c in e S to r a g e

0 °C
T h e r m o -e le c tr ic c y c le
F r e e z in g

electricity
Photovoltaics
V a p o u r c o m p r e s s io n

S tir lin g c y c le Solar cooling

 Performance
• COP of the refrigeration sub-system
– Thermal-driven system
Qe
COP 
(Qin  W )
– Electricity-driven system
Qe
COPelec 
W

Solar cooling
 System Performance
• STR (System Thermal Ratio)?
Qe
STR 
Qs

• SEE (System electrical efficiency)?

Qe
SEE 
W
• System efficiency??
Qe
 system 
(Qs  W )
Solar cooling
 Working fluids

• Solar collector Q s

sub-cycle S o la r C o lle c t o r

• Refrigeration sub- G e n e ra to r
W
cycle Pum p
Q c

C ondenser E je c t o r
5

T h r o ttle
v a lv e

E v a p o ra to r

Q e

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 Refrigerants

1. Physical and thermodynamics characteristics

2. Environmental impact
3. Safety
4. Economic and availability

Solar cooling
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
Condenser

Compressor

Exp. electricity
device PV

Evaporator

Solar cooling
 Heat-driven systems
• Absorption
S
col olar
Condenser lec
tor
Generator
Heat
exchanger

Exp valve
Regulating
valve Pump

Evaporator
Absorber

Solar cooling
 Heat-driven systems
• Adsorption
Condenser
Condenser Desorbed
vapour

Sorber

Sorber
Evaporator
Qcs Evaporator

Refrigeration Regeneration

Solar cooling
 Heat-driven systems
• Chemical reaction
Condenser
gas

Reservoir
Captor-adsorber generator

Evaporator
liquid

Solar cooling
 Heat-driven systems
• Desiccant system

Humidifier

Heater

Humidifier
Desiccant Wheel Heat Exchanger
Wheel

Solar cooling
 Heat-driven systems
• Rankine

Electricity
production

Boiler Condenser

Pump Alternator Exp.

Turbine Compressor device
Condenser Evaporator

Solar cooling
 Heat-driven systems
• Ejector

Solar Collector

Generator
Pump
Ejector
Condenser
Exp.
device
Evaporator

Solar cooling
 PV-driven systems
• Thermo-electric (Peltier)
Q1
Hot side
Heat rejecting surface
t1
P N P N P N
t2

Heat absorbing surface

Cold side
Q2 PV

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 PV-driven systems
• Stirling Heat
source

Regenerator
Heat
exchanger Heat
Exchanger

Cold Hot
side side

Expansion Compression
space space

Co
mp n
pis ress nsio
ton ion pa on
Ex pist

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Photovoltaic-driven systems
Power
for 1 W of
Working
Systems refrigeration
COP Applications Advantages Disadvantages
effect Fluids
(W)
Vapor-compression
Condenser - High COP - Installation cost is high
- Long term experience and it requires battery
Compressor
R134a, and widely commercial for energy backup.
Exp.
device
electricity
PV
12-50 3-5 R290, Refrigeration
available
or etc.
- Adjustable from a
Evaporator small to a large system

Thermo-electric (Peltier)
- No working fluid and - Low COP
Q1
Hot side
no moving parts - Difficult to achieve a low
Heat rejecting surface - Quiet refrigeration
t1 - Small size and light temperature
P N P N P N
t2
A few W 0.5 - Refrigeration weight - Low reliability especially
when the power supply
Heat absorbing surface is cut.
Cold side
Q2 PV

Stirling
Heat
source
- High COP for high - High production cost
temperature difference - Complexity in design
Regenerator

Heat
exchanger Heat
Exchanger
- Can be used for
Cold Hot
cryogenic applications
side side and it is mechanically
He, more simple than other
Expansion
space
Compression
space
3-17 3 H2, Refrigeration application for low
Air temperature operation.
- Environmental friendly
working fluid
- Mobility and light
weight
Solar cooling
Remark: COP is a coefficient of performance of the refrigeration sub-system. It shows how much heat can be removed from a cold region for
each unit of energy used.
Solar thermal-driven systems
Gen. /
Regen. Working
Systems COP Applications Advantages Disadvantages
Temp. Fluids
(°C)
Absorption
- Only one moving part - Low COP
Condenser (pump) with possibly no - It cannot achieve a very low
Generator 0.6-0.8 NH3/H2O, Refrigeration moving part for a small evaporating temperature.
Heat
exchanger
80-190 (single stage) H2O/LiCl, and system - The system is quite
Exp valve
Regulating
valve Pump
1.3 H2O/LiBr Air-condition - Low-temperature heat complicated.
(2 stages) supply is possible.
Evaporator

Absorber

Adsorption - High weight and poor thermal

- No moving part (except conductivity of the adsorbent.
Condenser valve) For high capacity system, it
Condenser Desorbed
vapour can cause long-term
- Low operating problems.
H2O/Zeolite, temperature can be
Sorber - Low operating pressure
Methanol/ achieved.
80-300 0.3-0.8 Activated
Refrigeration requirement makes it difficult
- Thermal COP is quite to achieve air-tightness.
Evaporator
Sorber carbon high compared to other - Very sensitive to low
Evaporator
Qcs
heat operating system. temperature especially the
decreasing temperature
Refrigeration Regeneration
during nighttime.
- It is an intermittent system.
Desiccant
- Environmentally - It cannot function properly
friendly, water is used in a humid area.
as the working fluid. - It is not appropriate for an
Humidifier
- Can be integrated with area where water is
40-100 0.5-1.5 water Air-condition
a ventilation and scarcity.
Heater
heating system. - Requires maintenance due
Humidifier
to moving part in a rotor
Desiccant Wheel Heat Exchanger
Wheel
wheel.

Ejector
- Low temperature heat - Low COP
Solar Collector Water, source can be used.
butane,
Generator - Low operating and
80-150 0.3-0.8 R141b, Air-condition
Pump

Condenser
Ejector
R245fa,
installation cost. Solar cooling
Exp. or etc.
device
Evaporator
 Review from ISES
• Solar assisted air-conditioning of buildings –an overview
Hans-Martin Henning and Edo Wiemken

• Desiccant cooling technology powered by solar thermal

air collector systems
Ursula Eicker, Martin Huber, Uwe Schurger, Jurgen
Schumacher, Andreas Trinkle

• Prototype for a novel solar powered ejector air-

conditioning system in Mazunte, Mexico
J.L. Wolpert, S.B. Riffat and S. Redshaw

Solar cooling
• Development of an Optimised solar deriven Diffusion-
absorption cooling machine 
Uli Jakob, Ursula Eicker, Ahmed H. Taki, Malcon J. Cook.
• Project Description Solar cooling system in Pristina/Kosovo
Ernst MeiBner and Christian Holter
• Solar assisted Cooling of the New Federal Environment
Agency Building in Dessau
Edo Weimken and Hans-Martin Henning
• Evaluation of a Zeolite-water Solar adsorption Refrigerator
Miguel Ramos, Rafael L. Espinoza, Manfred J. Horn, Antonio
Pralon, Ferreira Leite
• Thermo chemical Accumulator - TCA  
Frederik Setterwall, Chris Bales, Gøran Bolin

Solar cooling
Thank you….

Solar cooling