RAVINDRA THOSARE, PRATHMESH

RAJHUNS
 Contents

Introduction
Greenhouse Effect
Steam Methane Reformer
PFD of SMR
Steam Reforming Reaction
Carbon formation and Prevention
References
 What is Global Warming

Global warming refers to an average increase in

Earths temperature, Which in turn causes change
in climate
 Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the
atmosphere trap infrared radiation. This effect makes
planet warmer. When there is more greenhouse gases in
the air, The air holds more heat. This is why more more
greenhouse gases cause global warming.
 What is Steam Methane Reformer

Steam methane reforming is a method for producing

hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or other useful products
from fuels such as natural gas.
which reacts steam at high temperature with the fossil fuel.
The steam methane reformer is widely used in industry to
make hydrogen.
The main drawback of SMR is produced very wide range
of CO2.
Due to lack of industrial uses of CO2, CO2 is not further
procesess and directaly escape to a atmosphere in form of
gases state.
PFD of SMR
 Steam reforming reaction

The conversion of hydrocarbans to a mixture of

CO,CO2 and H2 .
Two reactions: Reforming and Shift reaction.
Steam reforming ( Very Endothermic )
CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2O
CnH2n+2 + nH2O nCO + (2n+1) H2
Water Gas Shift ( Slightly Exothermic )
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
 CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
1 Mole CH4 yields 3 moles of H2 and 1 mole of CO
16 kg CH4 yields 6 kg of H2 and 28 kg of CO
For production of 1 kg Hydrogen approx. 7 to 11 kg of
CO2 produces in over-all process
This CO2 contribute to the greenhouse gases
This is one of the biggest source of carbon dioxide
formation
 Carbon formation and Prevention

Methods of preventing carbon formation:

1. Use more active catalyst
2. Use better heat transfer catalyst
3. Reduce level of higher hydrocarbons
4. Increase the steam ratio
5. Liquefaction of carbon
 References

Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrogen

production from natural gas using current and emerging
technologies Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh, Bradley A. Saville,
Heather L. MacLean, i n t e r n a t i o n a l journal of hydrogen
energy xxx ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 -1 6
Revamping the hydrogen generation unit, K V PATWARDHAN,
V D DHUMAL and P BALARAMAKRISHNAR&D Centre,
L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering, India PTQ Q2 2014
Question???